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8.30. Will you bring me this book tomorrow (in three days)? Will she stay in a hotel (rent a room)? Will you keep any pets (get a child)? Will they go to the cinema with us (be busy)? Will he change his job (study)?

Antoni Benedict from Italy.
In my view English should be taught at different levels, but not simplified. And besides, by changing the language, we are depriving the student of the real words. If the student is taught a simplified version of a language, how will he or she be able to understand authentic texts like poems, slang expressions, or lyrics? That is really no good for students!

Magda Szabo from Hungary.
We call our planet "a global village" now which means that everything is gradually becoming one grey mass: our culture, our eating habits and even the way we think. I think this means that we should keep everything that is characteristic to us and our language in first place. We should guard our own mother tongue as a precious possession and use any second language just as a way to communicate with other global citizens.

Hector Kadmos from Greece.
No language is easy to learn because they all have their own history and culture! And no language can be simplified just for the sake of easiness. By trying to make it easier, we might deform it and then, together with its complexity, much of its beauty would disappear! I think students should deal with the real language and all its complexity and be exposed to real-life language used by native speakers. This is the only way to teach learners how to manage in a real conversation.

Lea Hoffman from Germany
I know that doing business in English does not always require very good usage or even a complete understanding of the language. Why should we speak the way native speakers do when we can already understand each other? It is more important to be able to communicative and understand each other than it is to be grammatically correct. Sometimes students are taught old-fashioned phrases and vocabulary with subtle meanings and this makes it difficult for all users of English to understand each other! Students should be taught simpler English.

Peter Teller from the UK.
I don't think there is any use in simplifying a language: if we over-simplify the language we teach, it will become useless for real communication. On the other hand, if the language is too difficult to learn, not many people will be able to master it. I believe we should teach a foreign language in a manner close to how children start learning their mother tongue, and then gradually work towards the real-life language. We definitely should aim at reaching a "real" language level, otherwise there is no sense in learning it at all.

KINGDOM

1. Britons, and the English in particular, are notoriously undemonstrative. The “stuff upper lip” is not just the stuff of fiction and emotional displays, positive or negative, are generally frowned upon. Gestures such as backslapping and hugging are discouraged and a wide distance should be maintained between participants in a conversation. Maintaining eye contact may be necessary when you are trying to emphasize important points but you must avoid any temptation to “eye-ball”. Talking loudly is unacceptable and shouting is beyond the pale. Some old-fashioned interlocutors may not hear you if you have your hands in your pockets. The British do not gesticulate frantically.

2. Introductions can be tricky. Ideally the British prefer third-party introductions but in certain situations, like a drinks party, it may not always be possible and, though awkward, you may just have to go ahead and introduce yourself. Firm handshakes are the norm as part of a formal introduction but may not be expected at subsequent meetings or on social occasions; a gentleman should always wait for a woman to proffer her hand before squeezing it gently. The continental habit of exchanging kisses has gained currency especially amongst the young and the affected but is not recommended for visitors – even the natives are unsure of the correct procedure.

3. “How do you do?” is a greeting not a question. It is used when people are introduced for the first time only and the correct response is to repeat “How do you do?” which is a more or less sincere enquiry as to your well-being.

4. This emotional detachment or even apparent indifference also explains the British abhorrence of Americanisms such as “Have a nice day”. The objection lies not in the sentiment itself but in the lack of sincerity that is implied to the stand-offish British mentality.

5. If the British use few words, it is because they prefer to mean those they do use. They are polite and courteous for the most part. They expect to be treated with respect, in turn for which they will treat you with respect, so: – if there is a queue, go to the back of the line and wait patiently; - do not use the “V” – sign (raising the index and middle fingers) unless you are sure which is the Churchillian version signifying peace or victory (palm outwards); the use of the alternative version (palm inwards) is less common nowadays but is still vulgar and offensive.

6. A service charge of 10-15 % is almost always included in hotel and restaurant bills and you should be wary of establishments that leave the credit card slip open for you to include an additional contribution (if you wish to reward exceptional service give cash directly to the staff). Do not tip bar staff in pubs where there is no table service. Otherwise taxi drivers (especially in London), hairdressers, porters, etc. will expect 10-15 % or a couple of pounds, whichever is the greater.

IV. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What kind of people are Britons?

2. What kind of introductions do the British prefer?

3. What does “How do you do?” mean in Britain?

4. What are the norms of public behaviour in Britain?

our school. Say whether you are ecologically-conscious person or not and what you do to protect the environment.

2. Do you agree that everybody must take care of nature?

3. What is the ecological situation in our town (city/village) like? (Я живу в Бресте., Белаурусь)

4. What questions would you ask a famous scientist who tries to find the ways to solve environmental problems?

5. What would you say to a person who is indifferent to the environmental problems?

ПЕРЕВОД:

1. Представьте, что вы говорите на экологические встречи в нашей школе. Скажите ли вы экологически сознательный человек или нет, а то, что вы делаете, чтобы защитить окружающую среду.

2. Согласны ли вы, что каждый должен заботиться о природе?

3. Что такое экологическая ситуация в нашем городе (город / село), как? (Я живу в Бресте., Белаурусь)

4. Какие вопросы вы бы попросили известного ученого, который пытается найти пути решения экологических проблем?

5. Что бы вы сказали человеку, который равнодушен к проблемам окружающей среды?

state.

The main aim of law is to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system and its economic foundation.

The system of law in our country consists of different branches of law.

Constitutional law is a leading branch of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.
Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of the government and ministries.

Financial law regulates the budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity.

Civil law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of social life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right в property is the central institution of civil law.

The rules of labour law include the legislation on the labour of industrial and office workers and matters arising from labour relations.

Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. Criminal law takes the form of а criminal code consisting of а general and special part.

Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is law? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the main aim of law? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What branches of law does the system of law in our country consist of? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does each branch of law deal with? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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