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to be glad – радоваться
to be nervous – нервничать.
to be ill – болеть.
to be interested in – интересоваться.
to be present – присутствовать.
to be proud of – гордиться.
to be in time for – приходить вовремя.
to be thirsty – хотеть пить.

ACID RAINS
Every year more and more plants and animals disappear never to be seen
again. Strangely, it is the most intelligent but most thoughtless animal that is
causing most of the problems — man. Nature is very carefully balanced and if
this balance is disturbed, animals can disappear alarmingly fast. Every day,
thousands of species of animals draw closer to extinction. There are countless
number of species which may become extinct before they are even discovered.
In many lakes the fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there
are fewer fish and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning to get
worried too. What is killing the fish?
The problem is acid rain. Acid rain is a kind of air pollution. It is caused by
factories that burn coal or oil or gas. These factories send smoke high into the
air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories. Some of the
harmful substances in the smoke may come down with the rain hundreds of
miles away.
The rain in many places isn't natural and clean any more. It's full of acid
chemicals. When it falls in lakes, it changes them too. The lakes become more
acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it gets in your
eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live in lake water. That is
why the fish are dying in lakes.
But dead fish may be just the beginning of the problem. Scientists are finding
other effects of acid rain. In some large areas trees are dying. Not just one tree
here and there, but whole forests. At first scientists couldn't understand why.
There were no bugs or diseases in these trees. The weather was not dry. But
now they think that the rain was the cause. Acid rain is making the earth more
acidic in these areas. Some kinds of trees cannot live in the soil that is very
acidic.
Now scientists are also beginning to study the effects of acid rain on larger
animals. For example, they believe that some deer in Poland are less healthy
because of acid rain. If deer are hurt by the rain, what about people? This is the
question many people are beginning to ask. No one knows the answer yet. But
it is an important question for us all.

Вопросы к тексту:
1. This passage is about
(A) fishing.
(B) acid rain.
(C) air pollution.
(D) destructive human activity.
2. Every year thousands of species of animals
(A) are hunted for their meat and skins.
(B) migrate to other places.
(C) starve to death.
(D) die out.
3. Acid rain is caused by
(A) natural gas.
(B) the ozone layer depletion.
(C) acidic lake water.
(D) emissions of industrial enterprises.
4. Which of the following is true?
(A) Dead fish in lakes is the only problem caused by acid rains.
(B) Scientists are sure that acid rains are not harmful for mankind.
(C) If we don't make an attempt to stop acid rains we may never see
some animals again.
(D) There's no reason to worry about several trees that died of some
unknown disease.
5. What was not mentioned in the text?
(A) Acid rain is capable of dissolving some rocks and stones.
(B) Fish are unable to live in the water containing acidic chemicals.
(C) Coal, oil or gas form dangerous combinations after being burnt.
(D) Scientists reckon that if some larger animals can be affected by acid rains,
people may be in great danger.
6. Factory smoke
(A) stays over the factories.
(B) is usually clean now.
(C) turns into air.
(D) can travel hundreds of miles.
7. Scientists think acid rain
(A) is killing people.
(B) helps kill bugs.
(C) fertilizes the soil.
(D) is killing trees.

There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar Square with the Nelson's monument 185 feet high. Buckingham Palace is the royal residence. Westminster Abbey in one of the most beautiful building in London. It contains the memorials of many famous citizens of Britain.
и ответьте на вопрос
where is the royal residence?

.
Climate extremes
How does the weather affect your day-to-day life? Does it influence what clothes you put on? Whether you put an umbrella in your bag or not? In certain parts of the world, people's actual survival depends on the way that they adapt their lives to the extreme weather conditions of their environments.
Extreme heat
Temperatures in the Australian outback -the central desert area of Australia - can often exceed 50 °C for the summer months, New houses are sometimes specifically situated towards the east or west, to avoid the summer sun. Their roofs are insulated to stop heat getting in, and their wood is specially treated to resist the heat. Due to the strength of the sun over this part of the world, Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world. Since 1981, there has been an official campaign by the Australian government to encourage Australians to protect their skin from the sun. Forest fires are another result of consistently high temperatures. These have become more and more common in the past few years, even happening around the city of Sydney.
Snow and extreme cold
Valdez in Northern Alaska is used to battling against the elements. The town was relocated in 1964 after an earthquake and tidal wave completely destroyed it, and it currently has the record snowfall for the whole continent of North America - 7.7 metres per year. Snow and ice are part of daily life for Alaskans. Many towns, including the state capital Juneau, are accessible only by sea or by air, as roads either don't exist or are blocked for most of the year. Some houses are built without excavating any foundations, and most have special strong roofs to support the snow, and features such as windows that only open inwards so that they aren't ripped off by the Arctic wind.

1. Forest fires are another result of consistently high temperatures _T__
2. Temperatures in the Australian outback -the central desert area of Australia – never exceed 50 °C for the summer months._______________________________________________________
3. The Australian government doesn’t care about the highest rate of skin cancer _____________
4. Snow and ice are part of daily life for Alaskans._____________________________________
5. most houses have special strong roofs to support the snow.____________________________

Russia and other countries of the former USSR have a mix of 3,300 V DC and 25 kV AC electric railroads due to historical reasons.
The special "junction stations" (around 15 over the whole former USSR ) were equipped with contact wiring switchable from DC to AC. Locomotive replacement is essential at these stations and is performed together with the contact wiring switching.
Historically, the first 3,300 V DC wiring was used due to vehicle simplicity. The first experimental track was in Georgian mountains, then the suburban zones of the largest cities were electrified for motor-car locomotive-less trains to be used.
For some time, electric railways were only considered to be suitable for suburban or mountain lines. In around 1950, a decision was made to electrify the highly loaded plain prairie line of Omsk-Novosibirsk. After this, electrifying the major railroads with 3,000 V DC became a mainstream.
In 1990s, some DC lines were rebuilt as AC ones to allow the usage of the huge 10 MWt AC locomotive of VL85. The line around Irkutsk is one of them. The DC locomotives freed by this rebuild were transferred to St. Petersburg region.
The Trans-Siberian Railway has been partly electrified since 1929 and entirely electric hauled since 2002. The system is 25 kV AC 50 Hz after the junction station of Mariinsk near Krasnoyarsk, 3,000 V DC before it and train weights are up to 6,000 tonnes.[32]