переведите письменно следующий текст: The Civil Service Commission Decentralizes Its Operations When the civil service system was established, it was

1) I asked my friend: "When is your brother going to arrive? "
2) Ann said to her sister: "Will you ring her up when you learn about it?"

(PresentorPastIndefinitePassive). Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Ron's parents _______(die) when he was very young. He and his sister_________ (bring) up by their grandparents. ______________________________________________________________ Why _____________ (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong? _______________________________________________________________ The company is not independent. It _________ (own) by a much larger company. __________________________________________________ Where _____________________(these photographs/take)? In London? ____________________________________________________________ I saw an accident last night. Somebody ____________ (call) an ambulance but nobody ______________(injure) so the ambulance ______________(not/need). _______________________________________________________________________

from birds to humans easily, the severity of the infection of H5N1 in humans is frightening. The virus has killed every second person infected by it. These cases were reported in perfectly healthy individuals who had no past history of infections. However the greater concern for the world is the POSSIBILITY THAT THE VIRUS MAY MUTATE (UNDERGO ANTIGENIC SHIFT) AND CREATE A FORM THAT MAY SPREAD FROM HUMAN TO HUMAN. Such a strain of virus may result in a pandemic, killing millions of people worldwide.

Is Consumption Of Poultry Birds Safe?

Yes, it is safe to consume THOROUGHLY COOKED poultry products. The H5N1 virus is sensitive to heat and gets destroyed by normal cooking temperatures of 70- 100 degree Celsius. If meat from poultry birds and eggs are cooked properly, the virus will be destroyed. Just make sure that no part of the meat remains raw or uncooked.

How Big Is The Risk Of A Pandemic Breaking Out?

The world had to face a Bird Flu Pandemic, thrice in the twentieth century. In 1918-1919, "Spanish Flu" killed anywhere between 20 million to 50 million people (exact figures not known), including half a million in the United States alone. The "Asian flu" in 1957-58 killed 70,000 in the United States and in 1968-1969, the "Hong Kong flu" killed 34,000 in the USA.

Currently the risk of H5N1 strain leading to a Pandemic is high. The virus is spreading fast to new areas and the efforts made to curtail it have proved inadequate.

Domestic ducks have now become a "reservoir" for the virus. They are acting like a carrier for the virus - their bodies carry the virus without showing signs of any infection. Infected ducks then release large quantities of the virus in pathogenic form in their excretions spreading the virus to other birds or humans. This has made detection of the virus difficult especially in rural areas.

According to health experts, the virus has already met the first two prerequisites for starting a pandemic. First it has attained a form, for which humans have no inbuilt immunity; and second, it has proved pathogenic enough to cause serious illness and death in humans.

The present risk of a pandemic is very high. The only factor that has prevented a pandemic so far is that the virus has not mutated into a form that would allow it to transmit efficiently from one human to another. Once such a genetic change takes place for the virus, a pandemic will be inevitable. The first signs of such a reassortment will be presence of the clusters of patients with flu symptoms, closely related - both in time and space. This would be a clear indication of virus having the ability to transmit from human-to-human.

Currently no vaccine has been developed for fighting H5N1 strain. Simultaneous work is being done in many countries for developing a vaccine, but no success has been achieved. The exact virus that may cause the pandemic cannot be predetermined. Thus mass production of vaccine before the pandemic starts is ruled out. The worldwide manufacturing capacity is inadequate to match the sudden demand surge during a pandemic. The best that scientists can do is to carry out a study and determine the smallest amount of antigen per dose that will provide sufficient protection and thus maximise the number of vaccines produced.

What Are The Precautions Necessary To Prevent A Pandemic?

The logical first step is to control the disease from spreading among birds, but this seems a difficult task now. Bird Flu has become a bird epidemic in many parts of Asia and is spreading fast.

The Next step is to prevent the disease from getting passed on to humans. People who come in close contact with birds (like poultry farmers) are advised to keep a close watch on the health of birds, notify any sort of sickness in birds to the health authorities and avoid direct contact with sick birds in all cases. (Ducks have become a reservoir for the virus and may not exhibit signs of sickness even if they are carrying the virus.)

In case the flu becomes a pandemic, most countries of the world will be affected. In such a scenario, the best preventive measures would be personal hygiene, avoiding crowded places and staying away from raw meat and eggs.

A flu shot does not prevent bird flu, but it can protect a person from other forms of flu and avoid complications. Persons above 65 years of age, children, health services workers, people with chronic respiratory disorders, travellers to flu affected countries and pregnant women may consult a doctor regarding flu vaccination.

Задание 1. переведите текст.
Ivan Polzunov
Ivan Ivanovich Polzunov was a Russian inventor. He created the first steam engine in Russia and the first two- cylinder engine in the world.
Ivan Polzunjv was born in the family of a soldier in the town Turinsk. After graduating in 1742 from Mining School (Горнозаводская школа) in Ekaterinburg he worked as a mechanic’s apprentice and in 1748 he began to work in Barnaul.
In the library of Barnaul he found works of Mikhail Lomonosov, that he studied by himself as well as the descriptions of contemporary steam machines by I.Shlatter. In 1763 he proposed an original 1.8 h.p. steam engine. The design used two cylinders on the same shaft that allowed its operations completely independantle from water power even on dry places or in mountains. The design was a great step forward from contemporary steam machine that used hydropower to return the piston and so could not be used if the hydropower was not available. The project was sent to Empress Catherine II. She awarded him 400 rubles but did not seem to appreciate the new technology.
In 1765 Polsunov designed a large 32 h.p. steam machine for air pumps. The director of Barnaul Plants general Porshin agreed to use Polzunov’s two-cylinder design as Barnaul steel mills were in a very dry area and in summer they often did not have any hydropower at all.
The machine was assembled in the winter and spring of 1766. But Ivan Polzunov’s tuberculosis became much worse and he died on May, 1766, at the age of 37, three days before the machine was finished. The machine worked three months, and then was disassembled despite paying off its costs in those three months. A working model of the steam machine made by Ivan Polzunov is in the museum of Barnaul and it still works.
A minor planet, 1978SP7 is named in his honor, as well as the crater on the Moon.

Задание 2 Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные утверждения.
1.1.I.Polzunov was an English inventor.
6. In 1748 he began to work in Barnaul.
7. In the library of Barnaul I.I.Polzunov found works of M.Lomonosov that he studied by himself.
8. In 1865 Polzunov designed a large electric machine for air pumps.

It consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres, it takes the 75th place among other countries in the world. The population is more than 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which is 34 km wide in its narrowest point. The country is also washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western parts of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn, the Thames, the Trent . There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. 7 per cent of the population is engaged in farming. Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the

elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the House of Parliament in Westminster.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Labour party with Antony Blair at the head is the ruling party nowadays. There’s no written constitution in Great Britain only precedents and traditions.

Вопросы:

1. What is the official name of Great Britain?

2. Where is the U. K. situated?

3. What parts does it consist of?

4. What is the territory and the population of the United Kingdom?

5. What city is the capital of the U. K.?

6. What is the surface of the country?

7. Are there any big rivers and lakes?

8. Why is the climate of the British Isles milder than that of the Continent?

9. The United Kingdom is a highly developed industrial country, isn’t it?

10. What goods does the British industry produce?

11. What industrial cities are there in Great Britain?

12. What outstanding people of Great Britain do you know?

13. Are there any big educational establishments in Great Britain?

14. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy, isn’t it?

15. What is the name of the Queen of Great Britain?

16. Is her power limited by Parliament?

17. How many chambers does the British Parliament consist of? What are they?

18. What are the main political parties in Great Britain?

19. Who is the Prime Minister of Great Britain?

20. Which political party does he represent?

Заранее спасибо!

220 000 pounds for Victim of Police Assault
A hairdresser won 220 000 pounds damages yesterday after a jury found
that he was assaulted by police and wrongly arrested. This happened after counsel for Din Zung, 32, urged the jury to send a clear message that the public
would no longer stand for "lying, bullying, racism and perjury" by the Metropolitan Police.
Central London County Court was told that police went to Mr. Zung's
home over a dispute involving a leaking roof. Mr.Zung was arrested after refusing to allow officers in without a warrant. Akmal Khan, his solicitor, said his
client's arms were twisted behind his back and he was handcuffed. "They
punched and kicked him in the van and he was kicked in the kidneys." Another
policeman used his back as a footstool and the driver turned round and insulted
him verbally saying he had got no more than he deserved. The charge officer
told him, "I've never arrested a Chink before." When he was released at 11 p.m. 5
that night they threw him into the street in just jeans and flip-flops. "He had to
walk two miles home," Mr.Khan said.
When Mr.Zung arrived home, the front door was open and his stereo and
other property had been stolen. Doctors found extensive bruising to his back and
kidneys and he was passing blood.
Mr.Zung made a formal complaint to the Police Complaints Authority.
Despite a police surgeon confirming the injuries, the complaint was rejected and
he decided to sue.
Ben Emmerson, counsel for Mr.Zung, urged the jury to send a strong
message to Sir Paul Condon by awarding damages that would hit his budget. "In
this case a small award would be regarded as a victory by the officers."
A statement issued on behalf of Sir Paul, the Metropolitan Police Commissioner, said: "We believe the award to be excessive and we are going to appeal against the size of the award but not the verdict."
The Metropolitan Police said no action would be taken against the constables involved: Christopher Smith, Andrew Morris and Bob Davies.
In a separate case at the same court Terence Wilkinson, 27, was awarded
64 000 pounds damages. He had accused other officers from the same area of
wrongful arrest and assault, false imprisonment and malicious prosecution.