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Scotland
is the most northern part of the island of Great Britain . Its population is
over 5 million people. Scotland was inhabited mainly by the Picts. In the 6th century,the
Scots from Ireland (or Scotia) settled in what is now Argyll, giving their name
to the present-day Scotland. During the 9th century ,the various parts of
Scotland united in defense against the Vikings. The powerful monarchy which
existed in England threatened Scottish independence throughout the Middle Ages.
In 1603 James 6 of Scotland become also James 1 of England when Queen Elizabeth
1 of England died without children. In 1651 Scotland was united with England,
although Scotland kept its own parliament. In 1797, both countries, realizing
the benefits of closer political and economic union , agreed on a single
parliament for Great Britain. The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between
England and Scotland. The greater part of Scotland is surrounded by see.
Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast and the Orkney and Shetland
Islands off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea on the east.
Scotland is divided into three parts: the Highlands, the Lowlands and the
Southern Uplands. The Highlands are among the oldest mountains in the world.
There are a lot of valleys and lakes in this region, the best known lake is
Loch Ness. Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the Lowlands.
The biggest city is Glasgow. It is an important port in the United Kingdom.
Shipbuilding is the leading industry. But other industries such as iron and
steel, engineering and coal-mining are highly developed too. The capital of
Scotland is Edinburgh. It is the cultural center of Scotland.