When Julius Caesar A 0 in Britain nearly two thousand years ago, English did not exist. English began A 1 a west Germanic language which A 2 to

Past или Future Simple Passive.

Мне расскажут- Мне рассказали Мне рассказывают

Мне покажут- Мне показали Мне показывают

Ее привели — Ее приводят — Ее приведут

Нас спросили – Нас спрашивают – нас спросят

Нам ответили- нам отвечают –нам ответят

Нас послали – нас посылают – нас пошлют

Им дали – им дают – им дадут

Ему помогли – Ему помогают- Ему помогут

Ему посоветовали-Ему советуют-Ему посоветуют

Нас пригласили- Нас приглашают-Нас приглясят

Его позвали- Его зовут-Его позовут

ruler

Fashion, composer, newspapers and magazines, luck, public (n), point of view, identical, instrumentality, to conserve, previous, to argue, to surpass

текст: Language belongs to each of us. Everyone uses words. What is it about the language that makes people so curious? The answer is that there is almost nothing in our lives that is not touched by language. We live in and by language. We all speak and we all listen: so we are all interested in the origin of words, in how they appear and die.
Nowadays it’s especially important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages because they need them for their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying foreign languages is a hobby. Everyone, who knows foreign languages can speak to people from other countries, read foreign authors in the original, which makes your outlook wider. Knowledge of foreign languages helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people.
“Do you speak English?” – With this phrase begins the conversation between two people, who speak different languages and want to find a common language. It’s very good when you hear: “Yes, I do”, and start talking. English today is more widely spoken and written, than any other language has ever been. It has become the language of the planet, the first truly global language.
England’s history helps to understand the present condition of English. Many English words were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words came into English. Many new words were brought by traders and travelers. These words came from all parts of the world: “umbrella” – from Italian, “skates” – from Dutch, “tea” – from Chinese, “cigar” – from Spanish. Some words came into English directly from Latin, which was the language of the church and the universities in the Middle Ages.
The rise of English is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand years ago, English did not exist. Today English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. A lot of people speak English in China, Japan, India, Africa and other countries. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies. It is one of six official languages of the United Nations Organization.
Three-quarters of the world’s mail, and its telexes and cables, are in English. So are more than half the world’s technical and scientific periodicals. English is the medium for 80 per cent of the information stored in the world’s computers. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It is the language of sports and glamour: the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe Competition. English is the official voice of the air and sea, and of Christianity. The largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBS, ABC, BBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million.
English has no equals! Dispute it if you can!

Napoleon I, also called Napoleon Bonaparte was the greatest military genius of his era and maybe the greatest general in history. He created an empire that covered most of western and central Europe.Early lifeNapoleon was born on August 15, 1769 on the island of Corsica in the Mediterranean Sea. Because the island belonged to France Napoleon was a French citizen.At the age of 9 he entered a French military school. While he was an average student in most subjects he was extremely good at mathematics. At 16 he graduated and became an artillery officer in the French army.Military CareerDuring the French Revolution Napoleon was stationed in Paris. This was a critical time for France because the country was at war with many European countries. In that year the monarchy was overthrown and France became a republic. During the revolution Napoleon defended the new government and joined the Jacobins, a radical political group in France.Rise to PowerIn the years that followed Napoleon fought many battles in most of Europe. In 1796 he became commander in chief of all French forces in Italy. From Italy Napoleon invaded Austria, France's most powerful enemy. As Napoleon approached Vienna, the Austrians surrendered and were forced to give up Belgium to France.Napoleon's victories made him very popular with the French people. He was able to convince France's government – the Directory- that he could cut off British trade to Asia by occupying Egypt. But the British commander Horatio Nelson defeated Napoleon in the Battle of the Nile in 1798 and most of his fleet was destroyed.Consul and EmperorIn 1799 Napoleon returned to Paris. With the help of his followers he overthrew the French government, which was very unpopular at that time because it had lost other wars. A consulate of three men was created to govern France, but Napoleon, who was the First Consul, held all the power.As soon as he was in control of France Napoleon began to reform the country. He modernized the government, founded the Bank of France and reorganized higher education. But his greatest achievement was the Code Napoleon, a collection of laws that allowed people many liberties they had received during the Revolution. The code still forms the basis of civil law in France.In 1804 Napoleon changed France from a consulate to an empire. He became emperor and crowned himself at the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris.When Napoleon seized power he began to concentrate on his dream of controlling all of Europe. In the Napoleonic Wars he fought against Prussia, Austria, Great Britain and Russia.In 1805 Napoleon's fleet was defeated again by Admiral Nelson at the Battle of Trafalgar, off the coast of Spain. In retaliation Napoleon tried to ruin England's economy. He forbade countries that he controlled to trade with France but this didn't work because they needed British goods. Although he had to give up his plan of conquering Great Britain he continued winning against other European armies on the ground.Napoleon put his relatives on the thrones of the conquered territories. After his first marriage had ended in divorce, the emperor married Marie Louise, daughter of the emperor of Austria. Within a year they had a son whom he gave the title king of Rome.In 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia because the Russians did not want to help blockade Britain. It turned out to be the biggest mistake of his career. When the French moved forward the Russian army retreated and burned down everything that the French might be able to use. When Napoleon finally reached Moscow, a huge fire broke out, destroying much of the city. Napoleon could do nothing but turn back. When the winter came and it started to snow most of Napoleon's soldiers died. It was the greatest disasters in military history.Napoleon's DeclineNapoleon's enemies saw their chance. One by one they rose against him. Britain, Austria and Prussia joined Russia in their fight against Napoleon. The French were defeated in the Battle of Leipzig in today's Germany. In 1814 the enemies captured Paris and Napoleon had to give up his throne.Napoleon was banned on the island of Elba near Corsica, where he stayed for only 10 months. In March 1815 he escaped from prison and, together with his old supporters began a march on Paris. The king fled and for a short time Napoleon once again ruled France. This period, known as the Hundred Days, ended on June 18, 1815 when Napoleon was defeated for the last time at the Battle of Waterloo, Belgium.Final yearsAfter this final defeat, Napoleon was taken prisoner by the British who put him on the tiny island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic. He stayed there until he died in 1821.

Tour Guide: Welcome to our tour, Ghosts of the Tower of London, everyone. The Tower has stood on this ground since 1066, and throughout its history it has been used as a prison... which may be why today, some people say this is one of the scariest places on earth. There are many tales of ghosts here. The ghost most people see is Anne Boleyn, the second wife of King Henry VIII, who was beheaded on Tower Green in 1536. A headless female figure in a white dress has often been seen close to where she was executed, near Queen's House.The Tower was also the scene of disappearance of two princes — Edward, 12, and Richard, 9, who were murdered in 1483. When their father, King Edward IV, died, his brother Richard took the boys to the Tower for their protection... but they disappeared. Nearly two hundred years later, in 1674, workmen found a chest beneath the stairway of the White Tower that contained the skeletons of two young children — recently proved by DNA testing to be the two princes.Lady Jane Grey was just seventeen when she was executed on the 12th February 1554, after only nine days as queen to Henry VIII. Her ghost is said to appear on the anniversary of her death on the Salt Tower.Now, let's go further into the Tower and see if we can find any of these ghosts.

______________________________________ she forbid me to watch (too/enough/hardly) ______________________________________ much television. Instead, she would tell me to practice ______________________________________ piano. I absolutely hated when my mother made me (to play)______________________________________ it. So, while most of my friends were busy chatting online with each other, I (to practice) ______________________________________. Well, today I (had better/must/may) _________________________________ thank her. As a well-known pianist who travels around the world, I am happy that she convinced me to appreciate hard work. I (never, to get) ______________________________________ where I am today without her focus on education and practice. Nowadays, besides giving concerts, I mentor children. When I am asked about the person who motivated me to pursue my career, I tell them it was my mother. She was the one who believed in my talent. It was one of the many things that (to give) ______________________________________ to me and I simply did not ignore it. Today I am looking forward ___________________________________ the new gifts that will be given to me and be sure this time (nobody/anybody/somebody) ______________________________________ needs to motivate me. I will jump on the opportunity to work hard and to be the best.