Civil Service System of Great Britain The new system of the British Civil Service was established in 1854 as a result of the Northcote-Trevelyan

1) ) The heart of the city is Manhattan, a rocky island, 13 miles large and 2 miles wide. Manhattan is the business centre of the nation. The average New Yorker works in an office in Manhattan.
2) As the financial headquarters of the capitalist world, New York is the home of some of the world's largest corporations and the New York and American stock exchanges. Wall Street symbolizes the money-market and financiers of the U.S.A.
3) The United Nations Headquarter occupies a six-block area from 42nd to 48th Streets and from First Avenue to the East River. The 39-storey Secretariat Building houses offices of about 5000 persons of different nationalities who form the administrative organ of the United Nations.

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consists of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244000 square kilometres. The popu­lation is over 56 million people. The capital of the Unit­ed Kingdom is London. The surface of the United Kingdom varies greatly. The northern and the western parts of the country are mountainous and are called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not very long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous part of the country. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm wa­ters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. Winters are not cold and summers are not hot. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial coun­try. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile. One of the industries is shipbuilding. Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Brit­ain: the Labour party, the Conservative party arid the Liberal party.

Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244000 square kilometres. The popu­lation is over 56 million people. The capital of the Unit­ed Kingdom is London. The surface of the United Kingdom varies greatly. The northern and the western parts of the country are mountainous and are called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not very long. The most important of them are the Severn and the Thames. There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous part of the country. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm wa­ters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. Winters are not cold and summers are not hot. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial coun­try. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile. One of the industries is shipbuilding. Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. There are three main political parties in Great Brit­ain: the Labour party, the Conservative party arid the Liberal party.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. It consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland/. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244, 000 square km. The population is over 56 mln. people The capital of the United Kingdom is London. The northern and the western parts of the country are called the Highlands. All the rest is a vast plain called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. In the west we can see the Cambrian mountains , occupying the greater part of Wales. In the north there are the Cheviot Hills. These mountains are famous for the number and beauty of their lakes. There are 16 lakes here. The largest is Windermere. This part of the country is called the Lake District. It is the wettest part of Great Britain. The rivers are not very long. The longest river is the Severn , the Themes where London is situated is rather deep and wide. Many cities are situated on the rivers: Cambridge is on the Cam, Stradford-upon-Avon is on the river Avon. The mountains, the Atlantic ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influenced the climate of Great Britain. It is mild. The winters are warm and the summers are not hot. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. The main branches of industry are electronics, machinery and shipbuilding. The United Kingdom is a monarchy but the power of the queen is limited by Parliament. It consist of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Great Britain is a country of old traditions.

deemed essential to centralize responsibility for the system in a single agency that would set standards, hire personnel, and classify positions. In this way, the principle of employment on the basis of merit would be protected and no agency would be able to evade the civil service regulations. But as the number of federal employees increased, this centralized procedure became inefficient and caused much "red tape" - delays due to the requirement that all actions relating to government personnel must be approved by the Civil Service Commission in Washington. Since World War II ended, the Civil Service Commission has given departments and agencies a greater voice in the administration of their personnel. One of the big moves in the direction was taken during the 1940's when agencies were authorized to classify positions and determine their salary grades. These steps, of course, can be made only within the standards established by Congress and the Civil Service Commission. Notes: "red tape" - препятствие, ошибки, сложности