перевод текста An Outstandina Russian Diplomat

Оригинал:
Dmitry Sergeyevich Likhachov was an outstanding Russian scholar who was considered the world's foremost expert in Old Russian language and literature. He has been called "a guardian of national culture" and "Russia's conscience".

The same year he graduated from the Leningrad University (1928), Likhachov was arrested for his speech criticising the Bolshevik reform of Russian orthography. Deported to the Solovki Special Purpose Camp, he spent 5 years there. Likhachov returned to Leningrad unbroken, and started his spectacular scholarly career in the Pushkin House (as the Russian Literature Institute is known), which spanned more than 60 years and saw the publication of more than 500 scholarly works. Likhachov didn't stop his work even during the Siege of Leningrad. He believed that Russia was an integral and indivisible part of European civilisation, contrary to "Euroasiatic" views of Russia popular with Lev Gumilev, Boris Rybakov, and many other contemporaries.

In 1953, Likhachov was admitted into the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He defended Andrei Sakharov, Alexander Solzhenitsyn and others during their hard years. In 1986, he was elected the first President of the Russian Cultural Fund. In his 80s and 90s, he became more of a public figure, serving as an informal advisor to St Petersburg Mayor Anatoly Sobchak and President Boris Yeltsin. In 1993, he became the first person to be named an Honorary Citizen of St Petersburg. He also presided over the commission set up to prepare for Alexander Pushkin's bicentenary. A year before his death, Likhachov became the very first recipient of the reinstated Order of St Andrew. The Likhachov Philanthropic Fund was set up in 2001.

Перевод:
Дмитрий Сергеевич Лихачев был выдающимся российским ученым, который считался передовым экспертом по древнерусскому языку во всем мире. Его называли «страж национальной культуры» и «совесть России».В том же году, когда Лихачев окончил Ленинградский университет (1928). его арестовали за его речь, критикующую большевистскую реформу орфографии. Его отправили в лагерь специального назначения на Соловках, где он пробыл 5 лет. Лихачев вернулся в Ленинград несломленный духом и начал грандиозную карьеру ученого в Пушкинском доме (как сейчас называют Институт русской литературы РАН), который существует более 60 лет и в котором хранится более 500 научных работ. Лихачев не прекратил свою работу даже во время осады Ленинграда. Он верил, что Россия неотъемлемая и неделимая часть европейской цивилизации. вопреки евроазиатским взглядам на Россию Льва Гумилева. Бориса Рыбакова и многих других современников. В 1953 году Лихачев был принят в советскую Академию наук. Он защищал Андрея Сахарова, Александра Солженицына и других во время их тяжелого периода. В 1986. году он был избран первым президентом Российского культурного фонда. В возрасте 80-90 лет он стал публичной фигурой, неформальным советником мэра Анатолия Собчака и президента Бориса Ельцина. В 1993 году он стал первым человеком, названным почетным гражданином Санкт-Петербурга. Он также руководил комиссией, организованной, чтобы подготовиться к двухсотлетию Александра Пушкина. За год до своей смерти Лихачев стал самым первым получателем восстановленного ордена Святого Андрея. Благотворительный фонд Лихачева был основан в 2001 году.

Trade Fairs and Exhibitions

International fairs and exhibitions play a very important part in the development of good friendly relations between all the countries. They help to establish business contacts and promote trade and trade, as we know, promotes peace. Trade fairs and exhibitions are very popular with businessmen and ordinary people as well. Therefore our country which stands for peace and friendly relations with all countries takes part in fairs and exhibitions arranged both abroad and here in Russia. All the exhibitions in Moscow are organized up to the highest international standards. A large number of all kinds of goods on display in exhibit halls (pavilions) as a rule give the visitors an idea of the development of the national economies of the countries-participants and their peoples' way of life in general.

Recently the 8th Moscow international exhibition "Powertek-Energoprogress 2003" was held (on March 25-28 2003) in the sport complex Olympiysky. "Powertek-Energoprogress 2003" was an important international event in the energetic branch in Russia, the CIS (the Commonwealth of independent States) and other countries of the world participants showed their main achievements and the progress the industry and science had made for the last few years.
The efficient staff of stand-attendants, guides and interpreters did their best to make the exhibition a success. Colorful leaflets helped to advertise the equipment. The exhibition was crowded with visitors from opening to closing time. The entries in the visitors' book show that the visitors were greatly impressed by the exhibition.
The participants of the exhibition were interested in introducing their goods to new markets and as a result a lot of contracts were signed at the exhibition. For many leading companies participation in exhibitions arranged in Moscow became a good tradition.

Historians label the period in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries as the
‘Renaissance’ – a period of rebirth.
In the Renaissance Period the magnitude of scholarly and artistic activities was
greatly enhanced in Europe. New knowledge was acquired which gave rise to new
technologies, and the Industrial Age soon followed. The Industrial Age developed as
mankind learned to harness the energy created from the burning of hydrocarbons,
such as coal and petroleum. Mechanics emerged as a new science in universities.
Except for the magnetic compass, electric and magnetic energy remained a curi-
osity, having little practical application, until the invention of the battery by Alessan-
dro Volta in 1800. This invention gave scientists a new tool with which to experi-
ment, and soon the laws of electricity and magnetism were discovered.
In 1831 Faraday discovered that rotating a conductor in a magnetic field gave
rise to an electric potential, and the electric generator and motor became a reality.
However, the development of the electric power industry was really spurred by the
invention of a practical incandescent electric light bulb in 1879 by Thomas Edison.
The electrification of cities soon followed. Alternating current and the transformer
allowed electric energy to be transported over large distances, and electrical engineer-
ing as a profession was born. The first professional society for electrical engineers
was founded in 1884.
The discovery of the laws of electricity and magnetism in the 1800s also gave
birth to two new information industries, the telegraph and telephone industries. How-
ever, the electric power industry remained a dominant force in the first half of the 20th
century.
Two new non-electrical information industries were also created in the 1800s through advances in the chemical sciences. The photographic film process was pefected and the photographic industry was born soon to be followed by the motion picture industry.

simultaneously to a filler metal in the form of wire or welding rod, which is melted to the joint. Are welding is the most important welding process for joining steels. It requires a continuous supply of either direct or alternating electrical current. The most widely used are tance welding, heat is obtained from the resistance of metal to the flow of an electric current. Electrodes are clamped on each side of the parts to be welded, the parts are subjected to great pressure, and a heavy current is applied for a short period. Thr point where two metals touch creates resistance to the flow widely employed in many fields of sheet metal or wire manufacturing and is often used for welds made by automatic or semi-automatic machines especially in automobile industry.