перевод unit one. Traning test

suburbs: clean air and an abundance of foliage are enough (1) ... . But services such as municipal water and sewage disposal are often a rarity in very rural areas. In city areas, it is fairly easy to access transportation with city bus systems and taxis. The opposite is the case in rural areas: (2) ... . With greater distances between houses, even getting groceries can be a difficulty. So if a person loses his / her driver's license or vehicle for some reason, it's a real hardship in a rural area. It has been said that village life encourages a greater sense of community and gives some perspective on what is important. When a family faces a hardship, (3) ... .If there is a death in the family, members of the community are right there with condolences. If someone falls ill, the community pulls together to raise money for the family. The reactions to these kinds of situations are much different in urban areas. Many city-dwellers don't know their neighbours beyond a "hello" as they pass each other in the hall. Some don't even say that much. Perhaps they feel they don't need their neighbours, (4) ... . People in rural areas organise more events together than urbanites do. From church dinners to local fairs, to the community's summer barbecue, most people have their fingers in the pie, in one way or another. It is these types of events that (5) ... .In urban areas, special events are often competing against each other, since there are often many happening at the same time. Many people who attend these urban events haven't got any particular sense of pride for them, (6) ... . While one could argue that city life is more exciting and at times more convenient, it's not necessarily better than country life. a) as they are just spectators of the event, not coordinators. b) without your own transportation, it is difficult to get around. c) the way people in the rural areas have come to depend on theirs. d) to convince many city-dwellers that country living is for them. e) help to bring a community together, because those who attend can claim ownership of the event. f) often those in a rural community are quick to help wherever they can.

_____ the onions and _____ into rings. _______ butter in a thick frying pan, _______ the onions, and ______they are just turning golden. _______ the stock,salt and peper into a saucepan. _______ and ________ tomamtoes. _______ the chopped tomatoes and the onions. ________well. ________for 10 minutes. ________ with toasts.

_____ against the antiestablishment, against the free-minded 1960s’ (3) _____. But on the other hand they are a phenomenon much more complex, tied to the nation’s economy. What is a yuppie? A Young Urban Professional, making a (4) _____in business. Being a yuppie is a (5) _____ of life. Those who want to be yuppies choose the yuppie (6) _____ system. They conform (7) _____ the society standards. They believe that money cures all ills. Yuppies are young: in their late twenties or thirties. Yuppies are urban, and often disapprove (8) _____ suburban lifestyle. Most of all, yuppies are professional: they work hard, rise quickly, and stop (9) _____ nothing. Their behaviour does not (10) _____ social norms, but to most American intellectuals yuppie has negative connotation. 1. A. term B. phrase C. cliché D. idiom 2. A. behaviour B. rebel C. rebellion D. react 3. A. generation B. youth C. adults D. children 4. A. way B. career C. culture D. life 5. A. sense B. behaviour C. way D. simply 6. A. fashionable B. value C. life D. image 7. A. - B. for C. to D. with 8. A. with B. of C. to D. for 9. A. at B. on C. in D. to 10. A. protest against B. support C. differ from D. conform

corner of New York State, where the Hudson River empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Five towns joined together make up the city of New York. The town of Manhattan takes up Manhattan Island. The Bronx, another town, is on the mainland, north of Manhattan and Queens. The fifth town, Staten Island, is in New York Bay. Beginning in the 1880s, great numbers of Europeans moved to the United States. Many of them landed first in Statue of Liberty as they antered New York Bay. The “Big Apple”, as New York City is nicknamed, has an energy that few other cities can equal. John F. Kennedy International Airport is one of the busiest in the world. More ships come into New York’s harbour than into any other port in the world. The city is a leading many Factoring center. It’s chief industries are clothing, printing and publishing. New York can be called the financial capital of the world. The United Nations has it’s headquarters in Manhattan. New York is a great cultural and educational center, too. It is the art, music and drama capital of the United States. It is museums, art galleries, libraries, zoos, and botanical gardens are world famous. If you want to have a good view of New York City, you can do it from the top of the World Trade Center (110 stories) or from the Empire State Building (102 stories). You can see the newest plays and shows on Broadway. If you are interested in art, you should visit the famous Metropolitan Art Museum. If you want to sit quietly and people-watch, you should go to one of the city’s many parks. The largest of them is Central Park

Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands. Great Britain and Ireland , and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometre. The United Kihgdom is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban. The United Kihgdom is made up of four countries : England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London , Cardiff, Edinburg and Belfast respectively. Great Britain consists England , Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. But in everyday speech Great Britain is used in the meaning of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The capital of the UK is London. The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea and the British Channel. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The North of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands. The South , which has beautiful valleys and plains , is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous , but the eastern , central and south-eastern parts of England are a vast plain , Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountainous ( 1343 m ). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain , but they are not very long. The Seven is the longest river , while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one.

of America is the 4 th largest country in the world after Russia , Canada and China .It occupies the central part of the North American continent.The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states including the states of Alaska and Hawaii.Outlying areas include Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam, and the US Virgin Islands .

The northern boundary is partly formed by the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River ; the southern boundary is partly formed by the Rio Grande .United States also has a sea-border with Russia.

The total area of the United States ( including the District of Columbia) is9,809,155 sq km, of which 1,700,139 sq km are in Alaska and 28,313 are in Hawaii.Inland waters cover 507,788 sq km of the total area.

The country is washed by 3 oceans :the Atlantic , the Arctic and the Pacific

.The country has many lakes , with the Great Lakes included .There are also many rivers on the US territory.The longest of them are the Mississippi,the Missouri, the Columbia, the Rio Grande and some others.On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands.The highest mountains are the Rocky mountains,the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada .The highest peak , mount MeKinley, is located in Alaska.The climate conditions are rather different .The country is rich in natural and mineral resources :oil,gas, iron ore,coal and various metals.

The Usa is a highly developed indstrial and agriculture country.The main industrial brances are aircraft , rocket , automobile , electronic , radio-engineering and others. American are made uo from nearly all races and nations .The country population is over 250 mln.The national symbol of the USa is its national flag "Stars and Stripes " having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field , symbolising the number of the original and present day states .

Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia .The states differ in size , population and economic development.Each state

its own capital.The capital of the USA is Washington.It is situated in the District of Columbia on the banks of the Potomac river and its named after the 1st US President - George Washington.Thre are many large cities in the country:New Yourk, Los Angeles , Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco,Cleveland and some others .

The The United States of America to the US Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches :legislative, executive and judicial.

The legislative power belongs to the Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.The Senate represents the states while the House of Representatives- the population.The executive power belongs to the President and his Administration ( Vice-President and Cabinet of Ministers ).The judicial power belongs to the Supreme Court and the system of Federal, state and district Courts.

There are several political parties in the UKA, the largest of them are the Republican ( symbolised by a donkey)and the Democratic (symbolised by an elephant)

company. The sole trader is the oldest form of business. There are many one-man owners, for example: a farmer, doctor, solicitor, estate agent, garage man, jobber (трейдер), builder, hairdresser, etc. The partnership is a firm where there are a few partners. They are firms of solicitors, architects, auditors, management consultants etc. The names of all the partners of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership. The most common type of company in the United Kingdom is the limited liability company. At the end of the name of such a company the word Ltd. is used. For example: Wilson and Son Ltd. Many of such companies are joint-stock companies owned by shareholders. Limited liability companies are divided into public and private ones. Only public companies may offer shares to the public at the stock exchange. the names of such companies end in p.l.c. which stands for public limited company. For instance: John and Michael p.l.c. Private limited companies may not offer shares to the public. The names of such companies end simply in Ltd. A branch of a foreign company is a part of a company incorporated outside Great Britain but acting under the law of the UK. Usually these companies act in the UK under their normal foreign names.