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To impose anything by authority is wrong. Obedience must come from within —not be imposed from without. The problem child is the child who is pressured into obedience and persuaded through fear. Fear сад be a terrible thing in a child’s life. Fear must be entirely eliminated — fear of adults, fear of punishment, fear of disapproval. Only hate can flourish in the atmosphere of fear. The happiest homes are those in which the parents are frankly honest with their children without moralizing. Fear does not enter these homes. Father and son are pals. Love can thrive. In other homes love is crushed by fear. Pretentious dignity and demanded respect hold love aloof. Compelled respect always implies fear. The happiness and well-being of children depend on a degree of love £md approval we give them. We must be on the child’s side. Being oil the side of the child is giving love to the child — not possessive love — not sentimental love - just behaving to the child in such a way the child feels you love him and approve of him. Home plays many parts in the life of the growing child, it is the natural source of affection; the place where he can live with the sense Of security; it educates him in all sorts qf ways, provides him with his opportunities of recreation, it affects his status in society. Children need affection. Of all the functions of the family that of providing an affectionate background for childhood and adolescence has never been more important than it is today. Child study has enabled us to see how necessary affection is in ensuring proper emotional development; and the stresses and strains of growing up in modern urban society have the effect of intensifying the yearning for parental regard. The childhood spent with heartless, indifferent or quarrelsome parents or in a broken home makes a child permanently embittered. Nothing can compensate for lack of parental affection. .When the home is a loveless one, the children are impersonal and even hostile. Approaching adolescence children become more independent of their parents. They are now more concerned with what other kids say or do. They go on loving their parents deeply underneath, but they don’t show it on the surface. They no longer want to be loved as a possession or as an appealing child. They are gaining a sense of dignity as individuals, and they like to be treated as such. They develop a stronger sense of responsibility about matters that they think are important. From their need to be less dependent on their parents, they turn more to trusted adults outside the family for ideas and knowledge. In adolescence aggressive feelings become much stronger. In this period, children will play an earnest game of war. There may be arguments, roughhousing and even real fights. Is gun-play good or bad for children? For many years educators emphasized its harmlessness, even when thoughtful parents expressed doubt about letting their children have pistols and other warlike toys. It was assumed that in the course of growing up children have a natural tendency to bring their aggressiveness more and more under control.

One of the most important kinds of wired communication is telephony. It is the transmission of speech over a considerable distance by means of electric current. Telephone set includes a transmitter, and an electric network in addition to receiver. The transmitter or microphone consists of a diaphragm, carbon chamber with carbon granules and insulating spacer and conductor. The electric current passes through the diaphragm and carbon granules. When we speak we produce sound waves which make the diaphragm vibrate. The diaphragm in its turn pushes the carbon granules which makes more or fewer contacts and decreases or increases the resistance.
Thus the waves of electric current vary depending on the sounds we produce and pass along the line and finally reach the receiver. The receiver consists of electromagnet coils, a steel magnet and a diaphragm. A variable current passing through the magnet's coil makes the diaphragm vibrate. The frequency of these oscillations is the same as that of the transmitter. Therefore the receiver reproduces the same sounds as are spoken into the microphone. The telephone was designed in 1875 by Alexander Bell. Later on the development of the telephone changed its construction, it became more complex. Auxiliary elements were used in the circuit
to provide better transmission of speech. Further on the development improved the switching system. Now very complex telephone constructions are used and a new kind of telephone appeared -
radiotelephone.

your school ? What kind of events do you have and what are they about ? How do you prepare for them? ...yesterday i took my younger sister to the Zoo ask 3 questions her visit to the Zoo. Мое письмо Dear Wendy, Thank you for your lovely letter.I was awfully glad to wrote it, I havr not written sooner as I wanted to invate you round and would never find a suitable time. In your last letter you asked me about Science Week in my school.Every year we have week of foreign languages.These days we prepare for song and creative competitions.We read poems and sing songs in German,English and other languages.I like to take part in these competitions.They are very interasting also help to open talents of children. Last time you said someyhing about your walk with younger sister to the Zoo.Did you like the Zoo?What were you doing there? Was you sister delighted? Do come if you can. Yours, Lera.

1) Sally had been studying at a design college for a year and, like most students, she did not have much money. It was going to be her mother's birthday soon, and she wanted to buy her a present that would be nice and useful but not too expensive.

Sally's college was in London, but she had been living in the country for many years, so every day she had an hour's journey by train in the morning, and the same in the evening.

At lunch time one day, a week before her mother's birthday, she decided to have a quick sandwich and a cup of coffee instead of her usual meal in the college hall, and then go shopping near her college to buy her mother a nice present. When she had been looking for half an hour, she came across a shop that was selling umbrellas cheap, and decided that an umbrella would be a nice present, since her mother had lost hers the month before.

'Now which colour shall I choose?' she thought. 'Well, I think a black one would be the most useful. You can carry that when you are wearing clothes of any colour, can't you?' So having made up her mind, she bought a lovely black umbrella and took it back to the college with her until her classes had finished.

On her way back home in the train that evening she felt hungry so she went to the buffet car for another sandwich and a cup of coffee. She had left the black umbrella above her seat in the compartment, but when she got back, it had gone! When she had left the compartment, there had been no other passengers in it, but now there were three.

Sally burst into tears when she saw that the umbrella was no longer there. The other passengers felt very sorry for her and asked what the matter was. When she explained that the black umbrella she had bought for her mother had disappeared, and that she had to get out at the next station, the three other passengers asked her for her mother's address, in order to be able to send the umbrella on to her in case someone had taken it by mistake and not on purpose, and brought it back after Sally had got out of the train.

The next week Sally heard from her mother. Her letter said, 'Thank you very much for your lovely presents, but why did you send me three black umbrellas?'


2)William Shakespeare is the greatest of all playwrights and poets of all tines. Not much is known of his life. He was probably the son of a businessman and was born in 1564 in Stradford-upon-Avon. He probably attended the local grammar school and got a classical education. In 1582 he married Anne Hathaway and had three children. Little is known of his life before 1592, when he appeared as a playwright in London. Soon he became an actor playing supporting roles like the ghost in "Hamlet". In 1599 Shakespeare became a part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.

Shakespeare's work as a playwright is subdivided into three periods. Written in the first period, Shakespeare's plays are mostly history plays like "Henry VI", and comedies with strong elements of farce ("The Comedy of Errors"). His masterpiece of this period is "Romeo and Juliet".

In the second period Shakespeare wrote a number of comedies where he moved away from farce towards romance ("As You Like It"). In the third period, after 1600, appeared his major tragedies - "Hamlet", "Othello". They presented a clear opposition of order to chaos, good to evil.

Shakespeare was a great poet and would be well known for his poetry alone. His major achievement as a poet is his sonnets, first published in 1609. A sonnet is a poem consisting of 14 lines, with a moral at the end. The sonnets are addressed to some "W. H." and to the mysterious "Dark Lady of Sonnets". The sonnets deal with the great themes of love, friendship, death, change and immortality. Shakespeare looks at his own poetry as a means of immortality. Shakespeare's sonnets are excellent. They are full of harmony and music; they praise love, friendship and beauty though there is no sentimentality in them.

Shakespeare's poetry is at the summit of human achievements. Many centuries have passed since his death in 1616, but Shakespeare is still considered to be the greatest of all playwrights and poets.

1.My brother has a new car. 2. We have six lessons every day. 3.I have dog many friends at school. 4 My sister had a lot of toys in her childhood. 5 Our family will have a new flat. 6There are many Facultics at the University. 7 There were theree pupils absent at the English lesson. 8 There will be a bus-stop near our house .9.There is a beautiful picture on the wall. 10. Thereare fifteen pupils in our English group.11.There are eight boys and seven girls among them.