Замените ''I'' так, чтобы смысл в тексте не изменился. I am writing to apply for the position of doctor in national science centre, and i would be

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1) comic/ like/ you/ Do/ books/ reading/ ?
2) TV/ sometimes/ the/ ivening/ watch/ in/ I/ .
3) can not/ my/ I/ book/ find .

1. A bond is …


2. Interest paid on bond is …


3.
Issuing too much stock …


текст:



PRIMARY METHODS HOW TO RAISE NEW CAPITAL

ISSUING BONDS. A bond is a written promise to pay a
specific amount of money at a certain date in the future or periodically over
the course of a lo an, during which time interest is paid at a fixed rate on
specified dates. Should the holder of the bond wish to get back money before
the note is due, the bond may be sold to someone else. When the bond reaches
“maturity”, the company promises to pay back

the principal at its face value.

Bonds are desirable for the company because the
interest rate is lower than in most other types of

– borrowing. Also, interest paid on bonds is a tax
deductible business expense for the corporation. The disadvantage is tha t
interest payments ordinarily are made on bonds even when no profits are earned.
For this reason, a smaller corporation can seldom raise much capital by issuing
bonds.

SALES OF COMMON STOCK. Holders of bonds have lent
money to the company, but they have no voice in its affairs, nor do they share
in profits or losses. Quite the reverse is true for what are known as “equity”
investors who buy common stock. They own shares in the corporation and have
certain legal rights including, in most cases, the right to vote for the board
of directors who actually manage the

company. But they receive no dividends until interest
payments are made on outstanding bonds.

If a company’s financial health is good and its assets
sufficient, it can create capital by voting to iss

ue additional shares of common stock. For a large
company, an investment banker agrees to guarantee the purchase of a new stock
issue at a set price. If the market refuses to buy the issue at a minimum
price, the banker will take them and absorb the loss. Like printing paper
money, issuing too much stock diminishes the basic value of each share.

Northern Ireland. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland. The territory of the United Kingdom is about 244,000 square kilometres, it takes the 75th place among other countries in the world. The population is more than 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban. The capital of the country is London. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel which is 34 km wide in its narrowest point. The country is also washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The surface of Great Britain varies greatly. The northern and western parts of the country is mountainous and is called the Highlands. All the rest (south, east and centre) is a vast plain which is called the Lowlands. The mountains are not very high. The rivers are not long. The most important of them are the Severn, the Thames, the Trent . There are many beautiful lakes in the mountainous parts of the country. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. 7 per cent of the population is engaged in farming. Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centres are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the intellectual centres of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive. The United Kingdom is a monarchy and the Queen is the head of the state. But in practice it is ruled by the

elected government with a Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the House of Parliament in Westminster.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties. The Labour party with Antony Blair at the head is the ruling party nowadays. There’s no written constitution in Great Britain only precedents and traditions.


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Fashion, composer, newspapers and magazines, luck, public (n), point of view, identical, instrumentality, to conserve, previous, to argue, to surpass

текст: Language belongs to each of us. Everyone uses words. What is it about the language that makes people so curious? The answer is that there is almost nothing in our lives that is not touched by language. We live in and by language. We all speak and we all listen: so we are all interested in the origin of words, in how they appear and die.
Nowadays it’s especially important to know foreign languages. Some people learn languages because they need them for their work, others travel abroad, for the third studying foreign languages is a hobby. Everyone, who knows foreign languages can speak to people from other countries, read foreign authors in the original, which makes your outlook wider. Knowledge of foreign languages helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people.
“Do you speak English?” – With this phrase begins the conversation between two people, who speak different languages and want to find a common language. It’s very good when you hear: “Yes, I do”, and start talking. English today is more widely spoken and written, than any other language has ever been. It has become the language of the planet, the first truly global language.
England’s history helps to understand the present condition of English. Many English words were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words came into English. Many new words were brought by traders and travelers. These words came from all parts of the world: “umbrella” – from Italian, “skates” – from Dutch, “tea” – from Chinese, “cigar” – from Spanish. Some words came into English directly from Latin, which was the language of the church and the universities in the Middle Ages.
The rise of English is a remarkable success story. When Julius Caesar landed in Britain nearly two thousand years ago, English did not exist. Today English is used by at least 750 million people, and barely half of those speak it as a mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. A lot of people speak English in China, Japan, India, Africa and other countries. As a second language it is used in the former British and US colonies. It is one of six official languages of the United Nations Organization.
Three-quarters of the world’s mail, and its telexes and cables, are in English. So are more than half the world’s technical and scientific periodicals. English is the medium for 80 per cent of the information stored in the world’s computers. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe are conducted in English. It is the language of sports and glamour: the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe Competition. English is the official voice of the air and sea, and of Christianity. The largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBS, ABC, BBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million.
English has no equals! Dispute it if you can!

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The keeping of pets (1) … (practice) from prehistoric times to the present. Pets (2) … (find) in nearly every culture and society. The initial steps toward domestication the dog (3) … (take) through the human practice of making pets of young wild animals. The dog could be of great use in hunting and guarding duties. By human beings, on the other hand, the dogs (4) … (provide) with a constant supply of food and warmth from the fire. There is indirect evidence that the dog (5) … (domesticate and keep) as a pet since Palaeolithic times, as can (6) … (see) from the paintings and carvings. In Mesopotamia, dogs that look remarkably like the present-day mastiff (7) … (show) participating in a lion hunt.

A. 1

a) have been practiced

b) has been practiced

c) is practicing

d) are practicing

A. 2

a) finds

b) found

c) are found

d) find

A. 3

a) were taken

b) took

c) takes

d) take

A. 4

a) provides

b) was provided

c) provide

d) were provided

A. 5

a) domesticates and keeps

b) domesticated and kept

c) has been domesticated and kept

d) domesticate and keep

A. 6

a) saw

b) sees

c) seen

d) be seen

A. 7

a) shows

b) showed

c) is shown

d) are shown