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A. 1. Something has gone ... with the cassette-recorder. Can you put it...? 2. She is not up yet; she is still.... 3.

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state.

The main aim of law is to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system and its economic foundation.

The system of law in our country consists of different branches of law.

Constitutional law is a leading branch of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens.
Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of the government and ministries.

Financial law regulates the budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity.

Civil law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of social life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right в property is the central institution of civil law.

The rules of labour law include the legislation on the labour of industrial and office workers and matters arising from labour relations.

Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishment applied to criminals. Criminal law takes the form of а criminal code consisting of а general and special part.

Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is law? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the main aim of law? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What branches of law does the system of law in our country consist of? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What does each branch of law deal with? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

KINGDOM

1. Britons, and the English in particular, are notoriously undemonstrative. The “stuff upper lip” is not just the stuff of fiction and emotional displays, positive or negative, are generally frowned upon. Gestures such as backslapping and hugging are discouraged and a wide distance should be maintained between participants in a conversation. Maintaining eye contact may be necessary when you are trying to emphasize important points but you must avoid any temptation to “eye-ball”. Talking loudly is unacceptable and shouting is beyond the pale. Some old-fashioned interlocutors may not hear you if you have your hands in your pockets. The British do not gesticulate frantically.

2. Introductions can be tricky. Ideally the British prefer third-party introductions but in certain situations, like a drinks party, it may not always be possible and, though awkward, you may just have to go ahead and introduce yourself. Firm handshakes are the norm as part of a formal introduction but may not be expected at subsequent meetings or on social occasions; a gentleman should always wait for a woman to proffer her hand before squeezing it gently. The continental habit of exchanging kisses has gained currency especially amongst the young and the affected but is not recommended for visitors – even the natives are unsure of the correct procedure.

3. “How do you do?” is a greeting not a question. It is used when people are introduced for the first time only and the correct response is to repeat “How do you do?” which is a more or less sincere enquiry as to your well-being.

4. This emotional detachment or even apparent indifference also explains the British abhorrence of Americanisms such as “Have a nice day”. The objection lies not in the sentiment itself but in the lack of sincerity that is implied to the stand-offish British mentality.

5. If the British use few words, it is because they prefer to mean those they do use. They are polite and courteous for the most part. They expect to be treated with respect, in turn for which they will treat you with respect, so: – if there is a queue, go to the back of the line and wait patiently; - do not use the “V” – sign (raising the index and middle fingers) unless you are sure which is the Churchillian version signifying peace or victory (palm outwards); the use of the alternative version (palm inwards) is less common nowadays but is still vulgar and offensive.

6. A service charge of 10-15 % is almost always included in hotel and restaurant bills and you should be wary of establishments that leave the credit card slip open for you to include an additional contribution (if you wish to reward exceptional service give cash directly to the staff). Do not tip bar staff in pubs where there is no table service. Otherwise taxi drivers (especially in London), hairdressers, porters, etc. will expect 10-15 % or a couple of pounds, whichever is the greater.

IV. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What kind of people are Britons?

2. What kind of introductions do the British prefer?

3. What does “How do you do?” mean in Britain?

4. What are the norms of public behaviour in Britain?

So, you are students of South-Russia State
Technical University. Our congratulations!
You passed your entrance examinations
successfully and entered one of the best
and biggest Universities of our country.
The academic year consists of two terms:
the autumn term and the spring term. In
January and June the students have their
examinations. Teaching is by lectures,
seminars and practical laboratory classes.
Lectures are aimed at giving the basic
framework of knowledge. Seminars give the
opportunity for group discussion of a topic
with a member of academic staff. Laboratory classes in all faculties provide
the opportunity to gain essential practical
skills and are specifically organised so that
students learn by their own practical
experiments.
The students study hard and have no free
time on week days. They study many
different subjects such as higher
mathematics, chemistry, physics, descriptive
geometry, strength of materials, informatics,
foreign languages, economics, history and
many others.
Highly-qualified lecturers and professors
help students in their studies. Well-
equipped laboratories and workshops are
at their disposal. Specialisation in senior
courses enables undergraduates to follow,
their own interests in a subject, for example
into pure research as a career or into
contemporary applications with the aim of a
career in industry.
The rapid expansion in information-
technology is reflected strongly in the
teaching and research programmes of the
University. Most students use computers as
an essential part of their courses.
There is a multitude of student activities at
the University: sports clubs, arts societies,
student societies etc. Numerous student
concerts, dance performances, exhibitions,
drama productions are held each year.
Undergraduates play various instruments,
take part in festivals, dramatic shows and
dancing parties.
A lot of students of our University take part
in social life of the University.
There are different sports clubs at our
University, such as track-and-field athletics,
gymnastics, basketball, volley-ball, football,
wrestling, boxing and others. Most of the
students go in for sport. They can do sports in sporting facilities - various gymnasiums,
sports grounds and a swimming pool.
SRSTU is recognised as one of the most
successful universities in the south of our
country in sporting competitions. There are
European and world champions among the
students of our University.


1.What university did you enter?
2.When do students have their examinations?
3.What are lectures aimed at?
4.What do seminars give?
5.What do laboratory classes provide?
6.What subjects do the students study?
7.What student activities are there at the university?
8.What can you tell about sport activities at the university?
9.Do you go in for sports?
10.What is your hobby?