Three differences and three similarities between transport in Britain and in Russia

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____________?
2) Foreign visitors should note how loudly people around them are talking, ____________?
3) In Britain it isn’t considered bad manners to eat in the street, ____________?
4) A small Russian souvenir will be fine if you are a guest at a British home, ____________?
5) Religious holidays can become national ones in some countries, ____________?
6) It is not polite to stare at another person, ____________?
7) Different peoples have different greeting habits, ____________?
8) Foreigners make friends slowly, ____________?
9) National holidays and celebrations must unite people, ____________?
10) It is a bad idea not to queue in line, ____________?

like a bike or an MP3 player. Other people give toys, sweets, books, clothes, CDs, DVDs and things like that. People normally have a birthday party for their friends. There’s usually a birthday cake with one candle for each year of your age. The person with the birthday blows out the candles and makes a wish. Then everybody sings “Happy birthday!” People often have a party at their own home. Some older children don’t have a party. They take their friends to the cinema, a bowling alley or somewhere like that. My friend, Anna, in Hungary says that they have “name days” in their country, but we don’t have “name days”. Anna also says that people in Hungary give flowers on name days and birthdays. In Britain, we usually give flowers only to women. Cameron and I give flowers to our mum on her birthday.

2задание к тексту

Put these headings into correct order according to the text. 1) A birthday cake 2) Name days in Hungary 3) Birthday presents 4) Places to take friends to on a birthday 5) Giving flowers on name days and birthdays помогите плииииииз буду очень благодарна

its infancy, broadcasting stations in the USA wondered what type of programmes they should put on during the daytime. They came up with the idea of producing serials that would be on the radio every afternoon telling a continuous story. 7. _____________. Knowing that the majority of the audience would be women, the broadcasters decided that the women in the serials would be strong characters and the men weak. The serials were an instant success with listeners. As the radio stations were paid for by advertising, these programmes always carried advertisements and, since one of the most frequently advertised products was soap, the programmes became known as Soaps or Soap Operas. 8. ___________. The BBC had no interest in producing this type of programme but during the Second World War it was thought that the Americans should be shown how well the British people were standing up to the war. 9. ___________. It was called Front Line Family and showed how a typical English family, the Robinsons, were living during the war. 10.___________. The BBC were unwilling to do this but finally agreed and broadcast the programme in Britain, but changed the name to The Robinsons. The programme ran for six years. Other soaps were introduced later, one telling the life of a doctor’s family and another, The Archers, about life in a country village. The original aim of The Archers was to inform farmers of new developments in agriculture. The serial began in 1951 and is still to be heard on five evenings every week. Some attempts at soap opera began to appear on television in Britain in the mid-1950s, but it was not until 1961 that the first real soap opera appeared. 11. ___________. The serial, called Coronation Street, was about the lives of people living in a working-class street near Manchester. 12. ___________. The BBC never managed to produce a really successful soap opera until 1984, when it introduced Eastenders. This programme is about life in the area of the east end of London. For a time it had more viewers than Coronation Street and still rivals it as the most popular programme on the British television. There is a major difference between the two programmes in that Eastenders concentrates on rather depressing realism whilst Coronation Street, although having serious storylines, always contains a strong element of comedy. (A). This was shown not by the BBC, but by commercial television. (B.) To keep the listeners’ interest, there would be far more crisis accuring than in real life. (C). Some people in Britain managed to hear the programme and asked for it to be broadcasted for the British audience. (D). It was really by chance that the soap opera appeared in Britain. (E). Although the serial was planned to run for only thirteen weeks, it is still to be seen several nights every week and almost every week has more viewers than any other programme on British television. (F). For this reason, a soap opera was written for the North American service of the BBC. (G). It has always been the most popular programme on television.

1.

The symbols of London
2.

Means of travelling
3.

World record holder
4.

A sweet in the street



5.

On the road
6.

A healthy but difficult choice


7.

An unusual hobby
8.

Conflict over roads


A.

The British are enthusiastic about mobility. They think that the ability to travel far and frequently is their right. People can spend up to two or three hours commuting to London or another big city and arrive back at their homes in the countryside only late in the evening. They put up with the long journey because they want their families to avoid the unhealthy lifestyle of big cities.




B.

Most journeys to work are made by private road transport. It leads to the pollution so familiar to many big cities, and to traffic jams. Congestion is especially high in Britain because the British do not welcome the idea of building new roads. They don’t like living close to them. Each proposal to build a new road is criticised so it’s not easy to improve the road situation.


C.

Perhaps because the trains were the first means of transport in Britain many people still have a romantic outlook on them. Thousands of train-lovers spend a lot of time looking for information about trains, especially old steam engines. Many enthusiasts spend their free time restoring and repairing old trains. They even earn some money by offering rides to tourists.




D.

It is possible to travel between any two towns or cities by either road or rail. In some parts of the country there is a very good rail network but most commercially successful trains run between London and the largest cities in the country. By modern European standards British trains are not fast. Coach services are generally even slower than trains but are much cheaper. It explains why they are still in use.




E.

Britain is one of the few countries in Europe where double-decker buses are a common sight. Although single-deckers have been in use since 1960s, London still has many double-deckers in operation. They are world-famous, an image associated with the city. Another London icon is the black taxi. Normally, these traditional taxis cannot be hired by phone. You simply have to find one on the street.




F.

In 1953, most schoolchildren walked to school. For this reason, school crossing patrols were introduced. This ‘patrol’ consists of an adult wearing a bright waterproof coat and carrying a stick with a circle on top of it, which reads ‘STOP’. Armed with this ‘lollipop’, the adult walks out into the middle of the road, stops the traffic and allows the children to cross.




G.

On 9 January 2013, the London Underground (or the Tube) celebrated 150 years since the first underground journey. It is both the world's oldest underground railway and the oldest rapid transit system. It was also the first underground railway to operate electric trains. The Underground has 268 stations and 400 km of track, making it the longest metro system in the world by route length.