should or shouldn't for dissatisfaction about the present or the past Match the situations (1-7) with the dissatisfaction (a-g). 1. The

equip, choose , make , pay, join , build) It was built during the 1890s in memory of a Manchester cotton merchant John Rylands.Now Manchester (...) on the map as home of one of the finest libraries in the country. Ten years (....) to build the Library. It (...) to the public on 1 January 1900. It remained an independent library until 1972 when it (...) together with Manchester University Library. Rare books and manuscript collections (...) in this third largest academic library in the United Kingdom. The Library was one of the first public buildings in Manchester thet (....) by electricicty. The building (....) also (....оснащено....) with air-conditioning to reduce pollution. Sixty learned men (....) in the stained glass window to represent different branches of knowledge.Each figure (....) carefully by Mrs Rylands, to inspire the work of scholars in the Library.Mr and Mrs Rylands in white marble statues can also (.....) by the visitors at the opposite ends of the Reading Room.Their marble statues (....) by the Manchester sculptor John Cassidy.

goods, the prices for these goods, information about the place of sale.

54. Socialising can help reduce culture shock. a) True b) False c) Not given 55. Try to like everything about the new culture. a) True b) False c) Not given Questions 56-60 New graduate, new job. Summer turns most people’s thoughts to holidays, but those leaving university or school will be thinking about the big, wide world of work. Whatever job you decide to tackle first, it will prove to be a valuable training ground. Filing or typing memos may not be your idea of a great career move, but be prepared to learn these lowly tasks. You may have a top degree, but no boss will hire you if you can’t answer the telephone in a proper manner. Most graduates and school leavers will be coming into the employment market in the summer, so competition will be tough. Start searching sooner rather than later. You should highlight any work experience you have and say you are keen to learn. It also helps to research the firms and what the job involves. Remember that most junior hiring decisions are made on personality. Firms are looking for reliable, conscientious and punctual employees. While most employers want Junior staff to take the initiative and be receptive to their ideas, you must be realistic about timeframes for promotion. And even if you end up spending your career doing something other than your first job, bear in mind that you will learn very useful and often transferable skills in the process. Aim to be hired by the firm that has the best reputation for employee training. At the interview you should ask about what sort of experience you will gain. The faster you can pick up the experience, the faster you can move up the corporate ladder. A good company will start you in a ‘proper’ job, which is mixed with technical and personal training. As well as learning computer and other professional skills, good firms also offer training which focuses on interaction with colleagues. In many companies trainees are allotted a ‘mentor’, a senior member of staff (not their immediate boss) who they can consult on difficult areas. New employees are encouraged to socialize and network with other trainees, which is again another way of finding support and advice but this time through their peers. In fact once installed in your new position, the first thing is to work out the pecking order. Many people try to deny it but office politics does exist. If you’ve never been in a work environment before, use your first job to learn about how to handle it or how to avoid it. 56. The writer points out that in a first job you have to. a) use your qualifications. b) expect to do menial jobs. C) be good at communication d) go through rigorous training 57. What should jobseekers do? a) Make sure they know the competition b) Work n a temporary summer )ob first c) Show evidence of any previous positions d) Apply for a range of jobs 58. The writer warns people in their first jobs,.. a) not to want to move on too quickly b) not to waste time learning nontransferable skills c) they should be model employees to make an impression d) that they will have to accept the company’s ideas 59. The writer suggests that if you get a job with a company which offers training, you will... a) gain worthwhile experience quickly b) benefit from its good reputation c) meet senior people d) be trained in the latest technology 60. What are new employees advised to find out about initially? a) The way to process new orders b) The times of breaks c) The office hierarchy d) The schedule for the office gym

entity with a single consciousmind. This is not, of course, the case. To understand reportsof market behaviour you have to bear in mind the way themarket works.

A market is simply a mechanism, which allows individualsor organizations to trade with each other. Markets bringtogether buyers and sellers of goods and services. In somecases, such as a local fruit stall, buyers and sellers meetphysically. In other cases, such as the stock market,business can be transacted over the telephone, almost byremote control. There's no need to go into these details.Instead, we use a general definition of markets.

A market is a shorthand expression for the process by whichhouseholds' decisions about consumption of al-ternativegoods, firms' decisions about what and how to produce, andworkers' decisions about how much and for whom to workare all reconciled by adjustment of prices.

Prices of goods and of resources, such as labour,machinery and land, adjust to ensure that scarce resourcesare used to produce those goods and services that societydemands.

Much of economics is devoted to the study of how marketsand prices enable society to solve the problems of what,how and for whom to produce. Suppose you buy ahamburger for your lunch. What does this have to do withmarkets and prices? You chose the cafe because it wasfast, convenient and cheap. Given your desire to eat, andyour limited resources, the low hamburger price told you thatthis was a good way to satisfy your appetite. You proba-blyprefer steak but that is more expensive. The price of steak ishigh enough to ensure that society answers the "for whom"question about lunchtime steaks in favour of someone else.

Now think about the seller's viewpoint. The cafe owner is inbusiness because, given the price of hamburger meat, therent and the wages that must be paid, it is still possible tosell hamburgers at a profit. If rents were higher, it might bemore profitable to sell hamburgers in a cheaper area or toswitch to luxury lunches for rich executives on expenseaccounts.. The student behind the counters working therebecause it is a suitable part-time job, which pays a bit ofmoney. If the wage were much lower it would hardly beworth, working at all. Conversely, the job is unskilled andthere are plenty of students looking for such work, soowners of cafes do not have to offer very high wages.

Prices are guiding your decision to buy a hamburger, theowner's decision to sell hamburgers, and the student'sdecision to take the job. Society is allocating resources –meat, buildings, and labour – into hamburger productionthrough the price system. If nobody liked hamburgers, theowner could not sell enough at a price that covered the costof running the cafe and society would devote no resources tohamburger production. People's desire to eat hamburgersguides resources into hamburger production. However, ifcattle contracted a disease, thereby reducing the economy'sability to produce meat products, competition to purchasemore scarce supplies of beef would bid up the price of beef,hamburger producers would be forced to raise prices, andconsumers would buy more cheese sandwiches for lunch.Adjustments in prices would encourage society to reallocateresources to reflect the increased scarcity of cattle.

There were several markets involved in your purchase of ahamburger. You and the cafe owner were part of the marketfor lunches. The student behind the counter was part of thelocal labour market. The cafe owner was part of the localwholesale meat market and the local market for rentedbuildings. These descriptions of markets are not veryprecise. Were you part of the market for lunches, the marketfor prepared, food or the market for sandwiches to which youwould have turned if hamburgers had been moreexpensive? That is why -we have adopted a very generaldefinition of markets, which emphasizes that they arearrangements through, which prices influence the allocationof scarce resources.

Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text

1 To understand reports of market behaviour you have to …the way the market works

2. ...On the stock market, business can be transacted over the telephone, almost by … . 3. ...A market is a … expression for the process by which households’ decisions about consumption of goods, firms’ decisions about what and how to produce, and workers’ decisions about how much and for whom to work are all … by ….

4. Much of economics is devoted to the study of how markets and prices … society to solve the problems.

5. …. your desire to eat and your limited resources, the low hamburger price told you that this was a good way to … your appetite.

Population (mean) _______ the number of people who live in a particular area. The population of the world (not stay)_________ the same. At the moment it _______ (grow) at an increasing rate. ln fact, scientists d (believe) that the world population will increase until 2200, and then stop growing. However, things are not the same in all parts of the world. At present in many Western industrial countries the population (fall)___________. This (happen) ________ because families are small, and health conditions are good. In developing countries, on the other hand, the population (rise) ____sharply. In Ghana, for example, most families (have)______several children. Many children in Ghana(die)_____ from illness, so it is important to have lots of children. They earn money for the family and (look after) ______their parents in old age.
Complete the text with it or there in each space.
Tropical forests grow near the Equator where ____ is warm and wet. ______are only two seasons, rainy and dry. ______ is normally 20-25°C in a tropical forest and _____is only a drop of about 5°C in the coldest months. _____is a lot of rain, on average more than 200 cm per year._____ is poor soil, and ____ is difficult for plants on the forest floor to develop, as tall trees (25-35 meters) block the light. ______are many plants, birds, animals and insects. _____are different kinds of tropical forests with different kinds of trees. ______ depends on the temperature and the amount of rainfall.