At further educarion college pupils can choose

1. A final group of utilities worth mentioning is designed(Present Simple Passive) for backing up and cleaning up hard disks.
2. A data base is simply a collection of date that is stored(Present Simple Passive) on one or more computers.
3. The operating system must first be loaded(Future Simple Passive) into primary storage.
4. Multitasking capabilities were once found only on minicomputers and mainframes. (Present Perfect, Passive Voice)
5. Utility programs monitor how often and how quickly an application program is being executed compared to all the other programs in the system at the same time. (Present Simple, Passive Voice)

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awaii. The basic idea ofinternational trade and investment is simple: each country produces goods or services that can beeither consumed at home or exported to other countries.The main difference between domestic trade and international trade is the use of foreigncurrencies to pay for the goods and services crossing international borders. Although global tradeis often added up in U.S. dollars, the trading itself involves various currencies. Japanesevideocassette recorder is paid for in German marks in Berlin, and German cars are paid for inU.S. dollars in Boston. Indian tea, Brazilian coffee, and American films are sold around theworld in currencies as diverse as Turkish liras and Mexican pesos.Whenever a country imports or exports goods and services, there is a resulting flow of funds:money returns to the exporting nation, and money flows out of the importing nation. Trade andinvestment is a two-way street that, with a minimum of trade barriers, usually makes everyonebetter off.In a interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products atthe best prices. By opening up markets, a government allows its citizens to produce and exportthose things they are best at and to import the rest, choosing from whatever the world has tooffer.Some trade barriers will always exist as long as any two countries have different sets of laws.However, when a country decides to protect its economy by erecting artificial trade barriers, theresult is often damaging to everyone, including those people whose barriers were meant toprotect.The Great Depression of the 1930s, for example, spread around the world when the United Statesdecided to erect trade barriers to protect local producers. As other countries retaliated, trade

In England about 93 per cent of children attend state schools. The other 7 per cent attend private schools. A minority of these private schools are boarding schools where children live as well as study. Private schools are very expensive.
In Britain it is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years to receive some officially recognized form of schooling. For younger children, there are a few state kindergartens, some private kindergartens and a few „ nursery classes "in ordinary schools. They are optional. Primary school consists of a reception class, infant school and junior school. A reception class and infant school take a year. In junior school, pupils spend 5 years. At the age of five they go to infant schools where they learn first steps in reading, writing and using numbers.
When children leave infant school, at the age of seven, they go to junior schools until they are about eleven years of age. Their school subjects include English, arithmetic, history, geography, na-ture study, swimming, music, art and organized games.
At about 11 or 12 children move to a new school, ussualy a "comprehensive" that accepts all the children from theree or four neighbouring junior schools. Changigng to the "big" school is a great moment in life for them. At secondary school pupils study for 5 years. Comprehensive schools want to develop the talents of each individual child. So they offer a wide choice of subjects, from art and craft, woodwork and domestic science to modern languages, computer studies. There are no entrance examinations, all pupils move automatically to the next form at the end of the year.
There are some grammar schools in which children have to pass a selection test to get in. The grammar school is a secondary school taking about 3 per cent of children pffering a full theoretical secondary education and students can choose which subjects and languages they wish to study. Pupils leave school at 16 and there are several opportunities to continue their studies elsewhere.

Sally had been studying at a design college for a year and, like most students, she did not have much money. It was going to be her mother's birthday soon, and she wanted to buy her a present that would be nice and useful but not too expensive.

Sally's college was in London, but she had been living in the country for many years, so every day she had an hour's journey by train in the morning, and the same in the evening.

At lunch time one day, a week before her mother's birthday, she decided to have a quick sandwich and a cup of coffee instead of her usual meal in the college hall, and then go shopping near her college to buy her mother a nice present. When she had been looking for half an hour, she came across a shop that was selling umbrellas cheap, and decided that an umbrella would be a nice present, since her mother had lost hers the month before.

'Now which colour shall I choose?' she thought. 'Well, I think a black one would be the most useful. You can carry that when you are wearing clothes of any colour, can't you?' So having made up her mind, she bought a lovely black umbrella and took it back to the college with her until her classes had finished.

On her way back home in the train that evening she felt hungry so she went to the buffet car for another sandwich and a cup of coffee. She had left the black umbrella above her seat in the compartment, but when she got back, it had gone! When she had left the compartment, there had been no other passengers in it, but now there were three.

Sally burst into tears when she saw that the umbrella was no longer there. The other passengers felt very sorry for her and asked what the matter was. When she explained that the black umbrella she had bought for her mother had disappeared, and that she had to get out at the next station, the three other passengers asked her for her mother's address, in order to be able to send the umbrella on to her in case someone had taken it by mistake and not on purpose, and brought it back after Sally had got out of the train.

The next week Sally heard from her mother. Her letter said, 'Thank you very much for your lovely presents, but why did you send me three black umbrellas?'



1. WHY DID SALLY THINK THAT AN UMBRELLA WOULD BE A GOOD PRESENT FOR HER MOTHER?

A She was short of money and couldn't afford to buy anything but a cheap umbrella.

В Her mother had asked her to buy a good umbrella as she had lost hers.

С Her idea of a good present was something useful at a reasonable price.

D There was nothing else to buy in the shop where she had come.

2. WHAT INFLUENCED HER DECISION TO CHOOSE A BLACK UMBRELLA?

A It matched any clothes.

В Her mother's favourite colour was black.

С It was a very practical colour and you could not see dirt on it.

D There were no other colours available in the shop.

3. WHAT HAPPENED TO SALLY'S UMBRELLA?

A It had been stolen by someone.

B We can't say anything for sure.

C It had been taken by someone by mistake.

D The conductor might have found it and given it to the Lost Property Office.

4. WHY DID SALLY'S FELLOW-PASSENGERS WANT TO KNOW HER MOTHER'S ADDRESS?

A They liked Sally and promised to send her an umbrella instead of the missing one.

B It was just a display of politeness.

С They wanted to send it to Sally's mother in case it was found.

D They decided to pay Sally's mother a visit and congratulate her on her birthday.

5. WHAT INFORMATION IS MISSING FROM THE TEXT?

A Sally's occupation.

В The names of the senders of three umbrellas.

С The food Sally had eaten in the buffet car.

D The place where Sally had bought her umbrella.