Сombine these pairs of sentences by means of IF, in order to make new conditional sentences.

"Почему люди приезжают в Россию"

1.Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite.

1. Ukraine (to be) a sovereign state.
2. It (to have) its own territory, higher and local bodies of state power, government, national emblem, state flag, and anthem.
3. The population of Ukraine (to be) about 52 million people.
4. There (to be) 24 administrative regions there.
5. Many countries (to have) common boundaries with Ukraine and (to maintain) economic relations with it.

2. Translate into English:

1. Я студент першого курсу.
2. Я вивчаю англiйську мову.
3. У нас заняття з англiйської мови двічі на тиждень.
4. Як правило, ми проводимо заняття в кабiнетi.
5. На заняттях ми дуже багато читаємо, перекладаємо тексти, виконуємо рiзнi вправи i розмовляємо англiй­ською мовою.

3. Виконайте тестові завдання
1. This programme__________ me a lot of money.
(A) cost
(B) costed
(C) had costed
(D) was cost

2. It happened__________ our way home.
(A) in
(B) on
(C) for
(D) about
3 Is there_________ in the room?
(A) somebody
(B) something
(C) anybody
(D) anywhere

4.Replace the Infinitives in brackets by the Present Indefinite.


1. Ukraine (to pursue) peaceful and neutral policy.
2. It (to establish) new relations with all countries throughout the world.
3. It (to set) direct contacts with them signing agreements and treaties.
4. It (to be) one of the founding members of the United Nations Organization and (to participate) in the work of many international organizations.
5. Ukraine (to be) a member of the International Monetary Fund, International Bank of Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development, the North Atlantic Council of Cooperation, and others.

5. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Present Continuous.

1. My book (to lie) on the table.
2. They (to work).
3. The doctor and her patient (to talk).
4. We (to cook) dinner. My mother (to make) a salad.
5. A young man (to drive) a car. He (to listen) music.

6. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслова в Present Continuous.

1. A young man (to drive) a car. He (to listen) music.
2. My grandfather (to read) a book.
3. The pen (to lie) on the floor.
4. You (to have) a break?
5. She still (to sing).

7. Утворіть ступінь порівняння прикметника.
This jacket is too small. I need a.. size.
You look Have you lost weight?
He's not so enthusiastic about his studies. He's in having a good time.
You'll find your way around the town if you have a map.
You're making too much noise. Can you be a little bit ?

the workers provide are useful/

a. The goods are essential. They need the goods.

b. The schools and hospitals are essential. The provide the schools and hospitals.

c. The goods are valuable. He buys the goods.

d. The money buys essential commodities. People earn this money.

e. The goods and services are very useful. People produce these goods and services.

f. The work is called economic activity. We do this work.

g. The work provide them with money. People do this work.

h. The economic activities make up the economic system. People undertake these economic activites.

suburbs: clean air and an abundance of foliage are enough (1) ... . But services such as municipal water and sewage disposal are often a rarity in very rural areas. In city areas, it is fairly easy to access transportation with city bus systems and taxis. The opposite is the case in rural areas: (2) ... . With greater distances between houses, even getting groceries can be a difficulty. So if a person loses his / her driver's license or vehicle for some reason, it's a real hardship in a rural area. It has been said that village life encourages a greater sense of community and gives some perspective on what is important. When a family faces a hardship, (3) ... .If there is a death in the family, members of the community are right there with condolences. If someone falls ill, the community pulls together to raise money for the family. The reactions to these kinds of situations are much different in urban areas. Many city-dwellers don't know their neighbours beyond a "hello" as they pass each other in the hall. Some don't even say that much. Perhaps they feel they don't need their neighbours, (4) ... . People in rural areas organise more events together than urbanites do. From church dinners to local fairs, to the community's summer barbecue, most people have their fingers in the pie, in one way or another. It is these types of events that (5) ... .In urban areas, special events are often competing against each other, since there are often many happening at the same time. Many people who attend these urban events haven't got any particular sense of pride for them, (6) ... . While one could argue that city life is more exciting and at times more convenient, it's not necessarily better than country life. a) as they are just spectators of the event, not coordinators. b) without your own transportation, it is difficult to get around. c) the way people in the rural areas have come to depend on theirs. d) to convince many city-dwellers that country living is for them. e) help to bring a community together, because those who attend can claim ownership of the event. f) often those in a rural community are quick to help wherever they can.

...(make) a tasty green salad. 2.We ...(can serve)a wonderful cake if he ...(not spoil)it. 3.She ...(stay hungry)if she ...(be)in Mexico because she hates spicy food. 4.if dinner ...(be)ready we ...(sit)around the table at once. 5.if i ...(have)an English Cookery Book i ...(prepare)some delicious specialties of English cuisine.

reduced to a minimum. They exist, but are limited to a small area of the economy. Karl Marx conceived of a world in which there would be no private property whatsoever. Communism in theory states that all property should belong to the State. In practice, however, the citizens of state like Cuba are permitted to have personal effects. The important thing about the communist system is its central planning. The State organizes the whole economic effort of the nation. A central authority with complete power decides what goods and services will be produced. The authority decides what quantities of goods will be produced, and also controls their quality, deciding how they will be distributed and what prices will be charged for them. In addition, the State provides all or most of the services which the citizens require. It is responsible for the economy, and is therefore concerned with methods of production as well as with quality and quantity. The national economy must be planned ahead over a number of years.

Exercise 1. Answer your questions, basing your answers on the text.

a. What two things are greatly reduced in a communistic system?

b. What area do they occupy in the economy?
c. What did Karl Marx proposed about private property?
d. What is the theoretical communist view on property?
e. What is the position in practice?
f. What does the state so in the communistic system of central planning?
g. What two decisions does the central authority make?
h. What does the authority control?
i. What can the authority do about prices?
j. What is the state responsible for and what must it do?

Exercise 2. Make these sentences passive, omitting the agent phrase.

EXAMPLE: The government reduced private property to the minimum.

Private property was reduced to the minimum.

a. The government limited private enterprise to a small area in the economy.

. They permit the citizens to have personal property.
c. The workers will produce only essential commodities.
d. That factory produced a large quantity of shoes last year.
e. You will charge more money for these services.
f. The central authority must plan the economy over a number of years.
g. The authorities provided large numbers of workers for the ten new factories.
h. The government reduced the quantity of shoes produced in tat factory.
i. The State organized the whole economic effort of the nation.
j. The central authority has planned the whole economic programme for the next five years.

Exercise 3. Combine these pairs of sentences, using what and would.

EXAMPLE: This quantity of goods will be produced. The planners decided it.

The planners decided what quantity of goods would be produced.

a. These goods and services will be produced. The central authority decided it.

. These prices will be changed for the goods. The planners decided it.
c. This quality will be most suitable. The government considered it.
d. This commercial activity will be useful in the next few years. The planning authority decided it.
e. These changes will be made in the organization of the factory. The employers and employees discussed it.
f. These conditions will affect the national economy in the next twenty years. The economists considered the matter.