On leaving the hall, the students (to thank) tie professor who (to deliver) the lecture. We already (to cover) about ten miles when Peter, who (to look)

The Technical University is one of the biggest Higher Educational establishments in Omsk. It trains specialist for various branches of industry. It was founded in 1942. There was only one faculty at the University at that time. It was the mechanical – engineering faculty. The first 25 engineers graduated from this faculty in 1947.

Our University trains radio, electrical, polygraphical and mechanical engineers. It’s numerous laboratories for both teaching and research purposes are equipped with modern apparatus, tools and instrument to provide a high level of training.

There is a large library and a reading hall in the University where the students can get any necessary textbook on special subjects. In the reading hall one can get periodicals for reading. Reading and drawing – halls are also places where students prepare their hometasks.

The University teaching staff is large. There are more than seven hundred teachers, masters of science and professors who deliver lectures on different subjects and give classes to the students. The students attend lectures and classes according to the time – table. Besides, they have practice in the workshops and the laboratories.

The students study the following subjects: history, higher mathematics, physics, chemistry, mechanics, descriptive geometry, machine elements, drawing, foreign languages and many others.

Twice a year students take examinations. Those who work hard at subjects during the term do not fail in the exams and pass them well, getting good and excellent marks.

There is a students scientific society at the University. Both first year students and those who are in the fourth or fifth years may join it and do research there.

entity with a single consciousmind. This is not, of course, the case. To understand reportsof market behaviour you have to bear in mind the way themarket works.

A market is simply a mechanism, which allows individualsor organizations to trade with each other. Markets bringtogether buyers and sellers of goods and services. In somecases, such as a local fruit stall, buyers and sellers meetphysically. In other cases, such as the stock market,business can be transacted over the telephone, almost byremote control. There's no need to go into these details.Instead, we use a general definition of markets.

A market is a shorthand expression for the process by whichhouseholds' decisions about consumption of al-ternativegoods, firms' decisions about what and how to produce, andworkers' decisions about how much and for whom to workare all reconciled by adjustment of prices.

Prices of goods and of resources, such as labour,machinery and land, adjust to ensure that scarce resourcesare used to produce those goods and services that societydemands.

Much of economics is devoted to the study of how marketsand prices enable society to solve the problems of what,how and for whom to produce. Suppose you buy ahamburger for your lunch. What does this have to do withmarkets and prices? You chose the cafe because it wasfast, convenient and cheap. Given your desire to eat, andyour limited resources, the low hamburger price told you thatthis was a good way to satisfy your appetite. You proba-blyprefer steak but that is more expensive. The price of steak ishigh enough to ensure that society answers the "for whom"question about lunchtime steaks in favour of someone else.

Now think about the seller's viewpoint. The cafe owner is inbusiness because, given the price of hamburger meat, therent and the wages that must be paid, it is still possible tosell hamburgers at a profit. If rents were higher, it might bemore profitable to sell hamburgers in a cheaper area or toswitch to luxury lunches for rich executives on expenseaccounts.. The student behind the counters working therebecause it is a suitable part-time job, which pays a bit ofmoney. If the wage were much lower it would hardly beworth, working at all. Conversely, the job is unskilled andthere are plenty of students looking for such work, soowners of cafes do not have to offer very high wages.

Prices are guiding your decision to buy a hamburger, theowner's decision to sell hamburgers, and the student'sdecision to take the job. Society is allocating resources –meat, buildings, and labour – into hamburger productionthrough the price system. If nobody liked hamburgers, theowner could not sell enough at a price that covered the costof running the cafe and society would devote no resources tohamburger production. People's desire to eat hamburgersguides resources into hamburger production. However, ifcattle contracted a disease, thereby reducing the economy'sability to produce meat products, competition to purchasemore scarce supplies of beef would bid up the price of beef,hamburger producers would be forced to raise prices, andconsumers would buy more cheese sandwiches for lunch.Adjustments in prices would encourage society to reallocateresources to reflect the increased scarcity of cattle.

There were several markets involved in your purchase of ahamburger. You and the cafe owner were part of the marketfor lunches. The student behind the counter was part of thelocal labour market. The cafe owner was part of the localwholesale meat market and the local market for rentedbuildings. These descriptions of markets are not veryprecise. Were you part of the market for lunches, the marketfor prepared, food or the market for sandwiches to which youwould have turned if hamburgers had been moreexpensive? That is why -we have adopted a very generaldefinition of markets, which emphasizes that they arearrangements through, which prices influence the allocationof scarce resources.

Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text

1 To understand reports of market behaviour you have to …the way the market works

2. ...On the stock market, business can be transacted over the telephone, almost by … . 3. ...A market is a … expression for the process by which households’ decisions about consumption of goods, firms’ decisions about what and how to produce, and workers’ decisions about how much and for whom to work are all … by ….

4. Much of economics is devoted to the study of how markets and prices … society to solve the problems.

5. …. your desire to eat and your limited resources, the low hamburger price told you that this was a good way to … your appetite.

3. Измените предложение в вопрос: They will be there at noon 4. Измените предложение в отрицательное: John will be at home tonight 5. in, on или at: _____4:30 p.m. 6. Напишите ,что вы собираетесь делать (going to): we will return at night 7. Напишите этo предложениe в Future Tense а) will/shall/: b) to be going to: They finished this work before noon 8. Укажите last, next, in ago, yesterday, tomorrow: They won't be there _____ 9. where, when, why ______arу you going have so soon 10. задайте вопрос с where, when, why: he bought a new house last week 11. how. how much, how many ______does it cost 12. Задайте вопрос с how: There are five catalogues on the desk 13. Укажите fast, much, many, old, often, tall, big How ____ is tour sister 14. Напишите предложение в Present Perfect The meeting (begin) already 15. Напишите это предложение в Past Simple Future simple и Present Perfect They have enough time 16 Измените предложение в вопрос She is written the letter 17. задайте вопросы с: when where who how why We have three of four offers 18.Измените предложение в отрицательное The Smiths have a very large house 19, Напишите предложение в Past Simple She's seen Tom (a week ago) 20, укажите нужный глагол в Present perfect: know speak spend receive buy sell read show go take We______televivsion equipment this week 21, Укажите глагол в Past Simple или Present Perfect I (visit) him last sunday 22 Изменить предложение в вопрос He was very tired after talks 23/ Задайте вопрос с why He wasn't in his office 24. Задайте расчлененный вопрос и дайте ожидаемый короткий ответ Mr. Brown lives in New York, ______?____. 25 Укажите already/yet mr. Bell has spoken to them ______ 26. Напишите сравнительную и превосходную степень прилагательного: fast 27, Заполнить таблицу: beautiful _______ ________ 28. Укажите превосходную степень прилагательного Who is _______(intelligebt) student in your class 29. Укажите модальный глагол can, must. may You___go home after lunch

The letter (to post) in half an hour. 4. The question (to answer) soon. 5. The book (to discuss) next Friday. 6. The article (to publish) last week. 7. The lecture (to attend) by all the students yesterday. 8. The young man (to introduce) to him fifteen minutes ago. 9. Ukraine (to situate) in the south-eastern part of Europe. 10. Kyiv (to found) more than 15 centuries ago. 11. The northern part of Ukraine (to cover) with forests. 12. The eastern and southern parts of Ukraine (to situate) in the zone of fertile steps. 13. In the South Ukraine (to wash) by the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. 14.Coal (to use) in big metallurgical plants in Zaporizhya and Dnipropetrovsk. 15. Electronics (to develop) in Kharkiv, Kyiv and Lviv. 16. Poltava (to situate) on the banks of the Vorskla river.