сервис вопросов и ответовChecks and Balances The Constitution provides for three main branches of government which are separate and distinct from one another. The powers given to
10-11 класс|
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each are carefully balanced by the powers of the other two. Each branch serves as a check on the others. This is to keep any branch from gaining too much power or from misusing its powers. The chart 20 below illustrates how the equal branches of government are connected and how each is dependent on the other two. Congress has the power to make laws, but the President may veto any act of Congress. Congress, in its turn, can override a veto by a two-thirds vote in each house. Congress can also refuse to provide funds requested by the President. The President can appoint important officials of his administration, but they must be approved by the Senate. The President also has the power to name all federal judges; they, too, must be approved by the Senate. The courts have the power to determine the constitutionality of all acts of Congress and of presidential actions, and to strike down those they find unconstitutional. The system of checks and balances makes compromise and consensus necessary. Compromise is also a vital aspect of other levels of government in the United States. This system protects against extremes. It means, for example, that new presidents cannot radically change governmental policies just as they wish. In the U.S., therefore, when people think of "the government," they usually mean the entire system, that is, the Executive Branch and the President, Congress, and the courts. In fact and in practice, therefore, the President (i.e. "the Administration") is not as powerful as many people outside the U.S. seem to think he is. In comparison with other leaders in systems where the majority party forms "the government," he is much less so.
Ueotyrj1977
24 мая 2014 г., 11:10:55 (9 лет назад)
LenochkaR
24 мая 2014 г., 12:36:54 (9 лет назад)
Сдержки и противовесы конституция предусматривает три главных власти, которые являются отдельными и отличными от друг друга. Полномочия, данные каждому, тщательно уравновешены полномочиями других двух. Каждое отделение служит проверкой на других. Это должно препятствовать любому отделению получать слишком много власти или от неправильного использования ее полномочий. Диаграмма 20 ниже иллюстрирует, как равные власти связаны и как каждый зависит от других двух. У Конгресса есть власть сделать законы, но президент может наложить вето на любой закон конгресса. Конгресс, в свою очередь, может отвергнуть вето голосованием двух третей в каждом доме. Конгресс может также отказаться предоставлять фондам, которые требует президент. Президент может назначить важных чиновников своего правительства, но они должны быть одобрены Сенатом. У президента также есть власть назвать всех федеральных судей; они, также, должны быть одобрены Сенатом. У судов есть власть определить конституционность всех законов конгресса и президентских действий, и свалить тех они считают неконституционными. Система сдержек и противовесов идет на компромисс и необходимое согласие. Компромисс - также жизненный аспект других уровней правительства в Соединенных Штатах. Эта система защищает от крайностей. Это означает, например, что новые президенты не могут радикально изменить правительственную политику, как они желают. В США, поэтому, когда люди думают "о правительстве," они обычно имеют в виду всю систему, то есть, Исполнительную власть и президента, Конгресс и суды. Фактически и практически, поэтому, президент (то есть "правительство") не так влиятелен, как много людей за пределами США, кажется, думают, что он. По сравнению с другими лидерами в системах, где партия большинства формирует "правительство," он намного меньше.
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Read and translate the text. DIFFERENT TYPES OF TELEPHONE SYSTEMS. The word telephone comes from the Greek words tele, meaning
“far,” and phone, meaning "sound," and refers to a telecommunications device that allows the human voice to travel across great distances. There are different types of telephones and corresponding types of telephone systems. The three main types of telephone systems are Plain Old Telephone Service, cellular wireless phones, and Internet
Protocol phones.
Landline telephone systems are part of the Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS), the analog service with copper wiring that is the direct great-grand-baby of the original telephone system courtesy of Alexander Graham Bell. The advantages include standardized equipment, predictable sound quality, and — due to direct connections to the central office of the company — no need to share the system’s capacity with
others. Because switches are in place, creating a private circuit for each phone call, it is also called the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). A new-fangled term, given the recent alternatives, is “landlines.”
Another of the types of telephone systems is for cellular wireless phones, with individual companies having their own networks with varying technology. Like POTS systems, cellular wireless telephone systems are full-duplex systems, meaning that both people on the call can talk at the same time, but cell phones use radio frequencies, rather than copper wire. Though cellular networks began as mobile voice networks only, they now carry both voice and data. Some networks are national,
while others are international, and new technologies are continually in development. The networks known as 3G support not only cell phones, but also netbook computers, smartphones, and wireless modem aircards.
Internet Protocol (IP) telephone systems, also called Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), are another group of the telephone systems that are in use in the 21st century. This type of telephone service piggy-backs on existing Internet service, either cable service or DSL broadband. A device called an Analog Telephone Adaptor is the go between that connects whatever phone you happen to have with either your broadband modem – or your router, if you have one.
IP systems can be set up with a single line for both Internet and telephone service, which can save money.
With an Integrated T1 line, instead of being set up for voice, on the one hand, or data, on the other, the T1 line is able to handle both. With Dynamic T1, the line is capable of assigning bandwidth as needed, given the current use.
II. Put the verbs in brackets Into the correct voice and tense-forms. • 1. Don't let the boy stay out so long. He (to run about) for three
hours, and may catch cold. 2. That young singer has had a very good training. He (to sing) for half an hour and never (to stop) for a moment's rest. 3. It is unfair of you to be cross with the man. He (to be) away for two weeks and you can't blame him for the few mistakes that (to make) during his absence (отсутствие). 4. Our reply (to send) to you as soon as all the dates (to fix) finally. Some of them (to consider) yet. 5. “I (not to see) Ann lately. What she (to do)?" “She just (to take) her finals and (to prepare) to go away for a holiday.” 6. “Why you (to wear) that strange-looking suit? You (to look) quite a sight in it!" “Why, I (to wear) it for a month and nobody (to say) a word all this time." 7. It’s no use calling for the docu ments now. They (to prepare) when I (to leave) the office, but I don’t think they (to be) ready yet. 8. There (to be) considerable changes, in this area in the last five years. The main part of it (to build up) already, and several new factories (to set up) now. In another three years it (to turn) into a large industrial area. 9. Jesse (to be unemployed — быть безработным) for five months when he (to manage) to get hired as a driver at a small factory. 10. The trav ellers (to walk) through the forest for several hours when they (to discover) that they (to lose) their way. 11. “Where is the new engineer?’’ “He (to take round) the factory. He already (to snow) the main shops (цеха), but he only (to go) over the whole factory by the end of the day.” 12. Last Sunday my friend and I decided to go fishing. When I got to my friend’s place at four in the morning, all his things (to pack) and last minute preparations (to make). My friend (to look) cross and (to say) he (to wait) for me for half an hour.
Переведите текст на русский: Of Love THE STAGE is more beholding to love, than the life of man. For as to the stage, love is ever matter of comedies, and
now and then of tragedies; but in life it doth much mischief; sometimes like a siren, sometimes like a fury. You may observe that amongst all the great and worthy persons (whereof the memory remaineth, either ancient or recent) there is not one that hath been transported to the mad degree of love: which shows that great spirits and great business do keep out this weak passion. You must except nevertheless Marcus Antonius, the half partner of the empire of Rome, and Appius Claudius, the decemvir and lawgiver; whereof the former was indeed a voluptuous man, and inordinate; but the latter was an austere and wise man: and therefore it seems (though rarely) that love can find entrance not only into an open heart, but also into a heart well fortified, if watch be not well kept. It is a poor saying of Epicurus, Satis magnum alter alteri theatrum sumus [Each is to another a theatre large enough]; as if man, made for the contemplation of heaven and all noble objects, should do nothing but kneel before a little idol, and make himself a subject, though not of the mouth (as beasts are), yet of the eye; which was given him for higher purposes. It is a strange thing to note the excess of this passion, and how it braves the nature and value of things, by this; that the speaking in a perpetual hyperbole is comely in nothing but in love. Neither is it merely in the phrase; for whereas it hath been well said that the arch-flatterer, with whom all the petty flatterers have intelligence, is a man’s self; certainly the lover is more. For there was never proud man thought so absurdly well of himself as the lover doth of the person loved; and therefore it was well said, That it is impossible to love and to be wise. Neither doth this weakness appear to others only, and not to the party loved; but to the loved most of all, except the love be reciproque. 1 For it is a true rule, that love is ever rewarded either with the reciproque or with an inward and secret contempt. By how much the more men ought to beware of this passion, which loseth not only other things, but itself! As for the other losses, the poet’s relation doth well figure them: that he that preferred Helena quitted the gifts of Juno and Pallas. For whosoever esteemeth too much of amorous affection quitteth both riches and wisdom. This passion hath his floods in very times of weakness; which are great prosperity and great adversity; though this latter hath been less observed: both which times kindle love, and make it more fervent, and therefore show it to be the child of folly. They do best, who if they cannot but admit love, yet make it keep quarter 2; and sever it wholly from their serious affairs and actions of life; for if it check 3 once with business, it troubleth men’s fortunes, and maketh men that they can no ways e true to their own ends. I know not how, but martial men are given to love: I think it is but as they are given to wine; for perils commonly ask to be paid in pleasures. There is in man’s nature a secret inclination and motion towards love of others, which if it be not spent upon some one or a few, doth naturally spread itself towards many, and maketh men become humane and charitable; as it is seen sometime in friars. Nuptial love maketh mankind; friendly love perfecteth it; but wanton love corrupteth and embaseth it.
Переведите текст и сделайте к тексту задания Early in June Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson left London for one of the great University
towns for a few days of rest. Holmes wanted to devote his spare time to reading magazines at the University library and making chemical experiments in one of the laboratories.
1. Put the verbs in brackets in the necessary tense form: 1. He (to begin) to write his
composition atthree o'clock. It is already eleven, and he still (to write) it. He says he (to finish) it by twelve.
2. We (to help) our librarian to put the books in the right order for three days already, but we (to arrange) only half the books.
3. What you (to do) when I (to come) in?
4. When I (to come) to his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before.
5. On checking up his answers, he (to find) out that he (to make) several mistakes.
6. When I (to leave) home, the snow already (to stop), but a strong wind (to blow).
7. You (to read) this book? — Yes, I (to read) it. I (to think) it (to be) very interesting.
8. What the children (to do) now? — Oh, they (to play) the new board game which I just (to buy) for them.
9. They (to reach) the corner of the street by now and (to stand) at the bus stop.
10. After we (to walk) about two hours, we arrived at a picturesque glade covered with fresh grass.
2. Translate the sentences into Russian:
Я уже две недели живу у друзей.
Я уже две недели жил у друзей, когда получил письмо.Сколько дней вы уже читаете эту книгу?
Только когда она была в поезде, она вспомнила, что оставила книгу дома. Они живут в этом доме уже пять лет.
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