the cases brought before them

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A 14-year-old boy grimaces as he struggles to haul a giant fishing net from the angry waves that crash below him. For nine months, Bounali Simamora (Boo-nah-lee See-mamoor-ah) has toiled seven days a week, 10 hours a day, on a rickety fishing pier stranded in the middle of the ocean, 10 miles off the coast of Indonesia. As he sorts his catch, Bounali is careful to avoid the painful sting of jellyfish and sea snakes tangled in the net.
"I work from 8 in the morning until 6 at night", says Bounali, wiping sweat off his forehead as the sun beats down on him. "Every morning, I wake up, sort the fish, dry them. boil them, and put them into storage. Then, I wait for the tide to go down and do it again”
Bounali is of 120 million children worldwide, between the ages of 5 and 14, who are working instead of attending school.
Desperately poor, nearly 80 million of these children sacrifice their health and safety for just pennies a day- or nothing at all.
Many cultures throughout history have forced children to work. Before Congress passed the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, countless American children also toiled under brutal conditions.
“Child labor is cheap labor”, says Darlene Adkins of the Child Labor Coalition, an organization that works to end child labor abuses around the world. “Employers can pay children less than adults for the same work. Children are also more easily intimidated and controlled”.
For the thousands of children working on Indonesia's floating fisheries, for example, endless hours of grueling labor often earn them little more than $7 a month.
One-third of these children never receive a penny for labor that often leaves them battered and bruised.
With nothing but aspirin and bandages available to them, those who suffer serious injuries- often as a result of beatings from foremen-have no other choice than to stomach their pain.
Some try to escape the misery by swimming for shore, only to be swallowed by the fierce tides that rip through the ocean. Many kids, like 15-year-old Yuliagi(Yoo-yagee), feel that escape is futile.
“I m sad because all day and all night, we just work”, says Yuliagi. “But the boss said I couldn't go home-they would catch me and bring me to another fishing pier

white(hair/hairs) on her jacket

2) We had very(little/few)time to finish our project

3) There were (a few/a little)times when Jane wanted to go back home

4) He had (a very/very)eventful life before he became a Geography teacher

5) The maid brought in (paper/a paper)with the latest news

6) This chair is made of (a wood/wood)

7) I need (a room/some room)for my clothes.-You can use my wardrobe if you want to.

8) What(an interesting/interesting)experience!

№9
Belarus presidents aide
Held for embezzlement
Minsk, Belarus – An aide to the president was detained on charges of embezzling state assets, officials said Wednesday.
The official, who is responsible for agriculture and industry at the president’s office, was put in jail Tuesday, said a government statement cited by state television.
He was charged with largescale embezzlement of state assets, the statement said without elaboration.
Last December, two other officials were arrested on the same charges.
1. On what charges was the side to the President detained?
2. What was he responsible for at the president’s office?
3. He was put in jail, wasn’t he?
4. What did the government statement say?
5. Who else was arrested on the same charges?
10

Kazakh tax dodgers
Almaty, Kazakhstan (AFF) – The Kazakh authorities sharply stepped up investigations into tax evasion in 1997, opening 314 criminal cases compared with 28 in 1996, tax police chief Pakhat
Aliyev said Tuesday.
Alieyev, who was appointed head of the Finance Ministry’s special department for tax crimes in November, stressed that «there won’t be double standards concerning the fulfillment of tax legislation –both foreign and Kazakh entrepreneurs are equal before the law »
Of the 314 cases brought to court, 205 resulted in convictions and 60 people are in custody, he said.
1) Why did the Kazakh authorities step up investigations?
2) How many criminal cases were opened in 1997?
3) Who was appointed head of the Finance Ministry’s special department for tax crimes?
4) Were foreign and Kazakh entrepreneurs supposed to fulfill tax legislation on equal basis?
5) How many people are in custody?

1. A bond is …


2. Interest paid on bond is …


3.
Issuing too much stock …


текст:



PRIMARY METHODS HOW TO RAISE NEW CAPITAL

ISSUING BONDS. A bond is a written promise to pay a
specific amount of money at a certain date in the future or periodically over
the course of a lo an, during which time interest is paid at a fixed rate on
specified dates. Should the holder of the bond wish to get back money before
the note is due, the bond may be sold to someone else. When the bond reaches
“maturity”, the company promises to pay back

the principal at its face value.

Bonds are desirable for the company because the
interest rate is lower than in most other types of

– borrowing. Also, interest paid on bonds is a tax
deductible business expense for the corporation. The disadvantage is tha t
interest payments ordinarily are made on bonds even when no profits are earned.
For this reason, a smaller corporation can seldom raise much capital by issuing
bonds.

SALES OF COMMON STOCK. Holders of bonds have lent
money to the company, but they have no voice in its affairs, nor do they share
in profits or losses. Quite the reverse is true for what are known as “equity”
investors who buy common stock. They own shares in the corporation and have
certain legal rights including, in most cases, the right to vote for the board
of directors who actually manage the

company. But they receive no dividends until interest
payments are made on outstanding bonds.

If a company’s financial health is good and its assets
sufficient, it can create capital by voting to iss

ue additional shares of common stock. For a large
company, an investment banker agrees to guarantee the purchase of a new stock
issue at a set price. If the market refuses to buy the issue at a minimum
price, the banker will take them and absorb the loss. Like printing paper
money, issuing too much stock diminishes the basic value of each share.

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