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civilizations. The main problem that the book «Discovering the Global Past» points out is how the Roman Empire found itself growing a little too quickly. The Roman Empire started out very small on the Tiber River and grew abruptly without warning. Before they knew it, they were not a small power but now one with a great number of people with a great number of cultures intertwined within the Roman Empire. They were now spread over an immense portion of land with much power coming with it. The question now is how they are going to be able to handle all of this power and continue to dominate the world without any blueprints to help them out from previous dynasties because it had never been done before. We now have some evidence to help understand this and to show how it did happen. So courtesy of the «Discovering the Global Past» they have seven pieces of evidence that will help prove that the Roman Empire could handle the challenge of taking on the mastery of world power.

The big bang model is a broadly accepted scientific theory for the origin and evolution of uor universe.According to this theory the universe was created about 10 billion years ago from a cosmic explosion that hurled matter in all directions.Astronomers believe that once all the matter and energy in the universe were concentrated in a single place.This place was extremely hot and dense.Then,sometime between 10 billion and 20billion years ago,an enormous and powerful explosion -The big bang -shot the concentrated matter and nergy in all directions.After the initial big bang,the force of gravity began to affect the matter racing outward in every direction,Gravity caused some of the matter to come together to form galaxies and Stars.The clumps of matter around our own star,the sun,became planets.some planets were large enough and had enough gravity to attract matter that became moons or satellites.In 1927,the Belgian priest george Lemantre was the first to assume that the universe began with the explosion began with the explosion of a primeavl atom.Years later,edwin Hublble found experimental evidence that helped to justify Lemantres theory.He made observations and stated thath distant galaxies are going away from us in every direction at a speed proportional to heir distance from the centre of te universe.Since the big bang the universe has been continuously expanding and thus the distance between clusters of galaxies has become much bigger than it was before .This phenomenon is known as the red shift.The stars galaxies were much closer to each other in the past than they are at present and they are corrently moving rapidly away from each other.At the same time the matter inside the galaxies continues to race away from the area where the big bang had occurred.Thus it has been stated that at present all the galaxies are speeding away from the centre of the universe.The big bang theory also predicts the existence of cosmic background radiation(the glow left after the explosion itself).In 1964 this radiation was discovered by arno penzias and robert wilson who later won the nobel prize for this discovery .Although the big bang theory has been widely accepted it will probably never be proved and thus it leaves a number of tough unanswered questions.

A GLOBAL TEENAGER
Music, television and movies do not respect national 1boundaries . Today one can hear rock-and-roll in the Chinese metropolis of Shanghai [0SBN9hai]. It is common to find people wearing Levi jeans or T-shirts in every place of the world. Japanese television shows MTV from London. US films are popular worldwide. American painters are influenced by European artists. Mexican-style fast-food restaurants or Japanese sushi bars can be found in different corners of the planet.What about a teenager? Everyone can see that English plays an important part in a teenager's world. It is the dominant language in youth style. English is a way in which teenagers across the world communicate with each other and share a common culture. The example of this is the existence of graffiti written in English in many different countries. Teens are more ready to learn English on the streets of cyberspace than in the classroom. Young people learn English from their pen pals and friends on the Internet and it is not always the same as the English they learn in the classroom. In fact, teenagers in Ukraine may feel he/shehas more in common with Internet friend in Norway than with other young people in their own country. Teens these days can chat online with their friends thousands of kilometres away. Young people around the globe are beginning to hang around together on the Internet as they used to on the street. The effect of the Internet on a teenage boy enables him to find thousands of people around the world whose preferences in music or reading are similar to his own. The strongest force in international youth culture today is pop music. Music has universal appeal. The popularity of the satellite TV channel MTV is the example of this: their pop videos play in every place of the planet, from Dallas to Stockholm, from Rome to Kyiv, and since most of the songs are in English, kids from all over the world learn to sing in English, too. A Ukrainian teenager knows that he may live in a small town of Horlivka but he is right in the centre of the main trend, he feels he is exactly in tune with all his/her unseen friends from the Internet. Though, young people are individuals and must be encouraged to celebrate together their individual and cultural differences. They express themselves, for example, in Weblish, the new shorthand English used in text messaging and in the Internet chat rooms. Weblish is a kind of 'slang' — idiomatic English which often breaks the rules of correct English. For example, capital letters are not used. 1 Here is a glossary of some of the key expressions and symbols used in chat rooms.

You already have chains around your ankles. You're firmly locked into society. You're on the conveyor belt and it's very hard to get yourself off You find a job, a girlfriend whom you might eventually marry, you buy a house together and start paying off your mortgage. You decide to have children and put them on the conveyor belt the same way you yourself were put on. You earn more money and retire, grow old, and finally put yourself into an expensive residential care home. Well done. You did it. You did exactly what this society asked of you. went to college until I ighteen. I passed A-levels, then my ent w surfing around the world what they call year". I really don't like the on a gap word "gap". When I looked in the dictionary for the word "gap", I found "Gap: A break in continuity, interruption.' allowed The society doesn't recognize this year as being important. You are to do it in fact you are told that future employers love it because it means you have done something interesting, shown your independence, and have something original to talk about in your job interviews. But once the year is gap over, you must start serious work earning money and making plans for the future. We love plans in the UK, because plans are security, and we adore security. The funny thing is, I don't believe security can come from a big house and a fast car or a degree. All these things create an illusion that you are secure. Security, in my opinion, comes from within oneself I'm on my fourth "gap year and I'm happy, truly happy. Every now summer I work as a beach lifeguard in Cornwall, the county which is a long peninsula in the southwest of England and where thousands of people go for their summer holidays. I don't earn a fortune but my life is rich. I wake up every morning and see the ocean. I surf every day if there are waves. can Surfing is the one thing in my life that truly makes me happy. If I couldn't surf, then, I think, I'd dry up and rot. Surfing means everything to me and nothing will ever remove me from the ocean. I save what little I earn in the summer which enables me to spend each winter in the sun with my surfboard Australia, Sri Lanka, Thailand.. maybe South Africa or South America next year so that's what am going to do I've realized that surfing makes me happy, so that's what I am going to do. I'll base my life around it in every possible way. I'll do any job and live anywhere, as long as I have the ocean on my doorstep. Many of my friends went to college and university and now live in the city and do the usual nine-to-five things along with everyone else. I spent a short time living in the city last year and I couldn't believe what I saw. People seemed so lifeless on the Underground in the morning. Nobody seemed happy or friendly. It was the land of the living dead. I truly believe that lots of people know what makes them happy but they choose to ignore it because it gets in the way of what they are really supposed to do: namely, work and earn lots of money. Life should be an adventure and if you're on that conveyor belt, it will not happen. Whatever happened to adventure? I don't want to get to the end of my life and think: "What if?" I often asked what my plans are. I also get asked where I see myself get going and what I want to do with my life. "When," they ask, "are you going to get a proper job?" They forget that I be the person who saves their child's may life on a beach one summer. Isn't that "proper" enough? I want to do exactly what I'm doing right now. Sure I'd like a little house and maybe bring a baby into the world, but I refuse to believe that the only way of doing that is by following the system. I don't want to see the world in the movies and read about it in books. I want to see it myself, smell it, hear it and feel it. I refuse to follow other people's footsteps