Peter and Maria in their lovely home with baby Emilia – A People Magazine exclusive!

A) hand B) Lift C) advice D) advices

1.
What is Shakespeare famous for?

Установите соответствие между темами A – G и текстами 1 – 6. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании одна тема лишняя.
A.
Colours for royal families
E.
Colours around you

B.
Origin of the toy’s name
F.
Toys for all ages

C.
Popular names
G.
Lovely animals

D.
Personal names




1. People say that red, yellow and orange are “warm”, and that blue and green are “cool”. But if you touch a red wool sweater, it doesn’t feel warmer than a blue wool sweater. Scientists have taken the temperature of colours with a special instrument called a thermopile and have found that reds and oranges are warmer than blues and greens.

2. Pandas are wonderful. They look so nice, rather like soft furry toys. No wonder people love them. At any zoo they are always the centre of attention. The most striking thing about pandas is their black and white colouring. Pandas are strict vegetarians. They eat only young bamboo stems and nothing else. Pandas are peaceful, friendly and harmless. They have no enemies.

3. Imagine being arrested and thrown into prison for wearing a certain colour! It could have happened back in the days when kings and emperors ruled. In ancient Rome only the emperor and his wife could have purple or gold clothes. In China, only the emperor could wear yellow. And in France, in the past, only a princess could wear a scarlet dress.

4. Today we can hardly imagine a world without this eager listener and loyal friend, the teddy bear. But why is it called Teddy? The story goes back to 1902, when Theodore Roosevelt was President of the United States. The press and the people fondly called him Teddy. Once on a hunting trip, he couldn’t bring himself to shoot a defenseless bear cub. The owners of a candy store in New York made a little toy bear cub and put it in their shop window with a handwritten notice saying “Teddy’s bear”. The bear became a hit with the public.

5. Pet names, like human ones, go in and out of fashion. According to Bairbre O’Malley, a London vet, they reflect larger trends in society. The computer boom, for example, has produced dogs called Mac, Apple and, for smaller breeds, Microchip, or Laptop. Hollywood’s influence has inspired names like Conan and Terminator for bull terriers and other strong breeds. Mr O’Malley also remarked that many animals he treated after road accidents were called Lucky.

6. One of the most popular tourist attractions today is Legoland Windsor, the newest theme park in Europe. It is a theme park and the theme is bricks. Lego bricks, to be specific. You know those little plastic toy bricks children use to build castles, bridges, all sorts of things. Some grown-ups play with Lego bricks, too. One hundred of them worked for two and a half years to design buildings, trains, cars, boats, fountains and people for Legoland Windsor.

There is a lot of injustice in the world. When some countries are regarded wealthy (such as the United States, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Norway, Japan, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, and many others), other countries and their peoples live in poverty. They are deprived of common necessities such as food, clothing, shelter and safe drinking water. They also suffer from the lack of access to opportunities such as education, information, health care and employment.
There are many different factors that cause poverty such as unemployment, overpopulation, some historical factors (imperialism, colonialism), war, discrimination, erosion, deforestation, drought, water crisis and many others. Poverty may be explained by geographic factors, for example access to fertile land, fresh water, minerals, energy, and other natural resources, presence or absence of natural features helping or limiting communication, such as mountains, deserts, navigable rivers, or coastline. Historically, geography has prevented or slowed the spread of new technology to areas such as the Americas and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Those living in poverty and lacking access to essential health services, suffering hunger or even starvation, experience mental and physical health problems which make it harder for them to improve their situation. One third of deaths are due to poverty-related causes. Those living in poverty suffer lower life expectancy. Every year nearly 11 million children living in poverty die before their fifth birthday. In Kenya malaria kills one in five children every year. Poverty increases the risk of homelessness. There are over 100 million street children worldwide. Increased risk of drug abuse may also be associated with poverty.
Those living in poverty in the developed world may suffer social isolation. Rates of suicide may increase in conditions of poverty. Low income levels and poor employment opportunities for adults in turn create the conditions where households can depend on the income of child members. More that 200 million children aged 5 to 17 are in child labor worldwide, excluding child domestic labor. Areas strongly affected by poverty tend to be more violent.
Many people argue that poverty statistics measure inequality rather than material deprivation or hardship. All people are born equal. So why should they live in different conditions? It is not fair that the rich live in luxurious houses and drive expensive cars while the poor die from starvation. Many writers touched upon the problem of poverty and inequality in their works. Many people fought for the rights of the poor. But this problem still remains very urgent and continues corrupting people's souls.
There are many poverty reduction programs attempting to help people of developing countries. In politics, the fight against poverty is usually regarded as a social goal and many governments have institutions or departments dedicated to tackling poverty. Most developed nations give development aid to developing countries.
Sometimes celebrities organize benefit concerts to fight hunger in developing countries. In 1984 there was a terrible famine in Ethiopia, when more than 1 million people died. The sight of thousands of weak, starving children on TV reports inspired rock singer Bob Geldof to launch a campaign to fight hunger in Africa. The biggest stars in British pop music (Paul McCartney, Sting, George Michael and many others) gathered in a London studio to record Do they know it's Christmas? The charity single raised 8 million pounds and a year later inspired Live-Aid, the global pop concert which raised more than 60 million pounds.

1. Complete each sentence (A—H) with one of the endings (1—8):
A. There are many different factors that cause poverty such as
B. Historically, geography has prevented or slowed
C. Those living in poverty
21:01:32
suffer
D. Poverty increases
E. Low income levels and poor employment opportunities for adults in turn create the conditions where
F. Many governments have institutions or departments dedicated to
G. Most developed nations give
H. Sometimes celebrities organize

1. the risk of homelessness.
2. tackling poverty.
3. unemployment, overpopulation, some historical factors, war, discrimination, erosion, deforestation, drought, water crisis and many others.
4. development aid to developing countries.
5. benefit concerts to fight hunger in developing countries.
6. the spread of new technology to areas such as the Americas and Sub-Saharan Africa.
7. lower life expectancy.
8. households can depend on the income of child members.

Saint Nicholas (Sviatyi Mykolai) is one of the most popular saints of the church. Little is known about him except that he was bishop of Myra (in Turkey) in the 4th century and that he was probably born in Patara (near Kalamaki, Turkey). Legends of his charity, especially toward children, and of miracles associated with him, soon spread throughout Europe. In Ukraine the cult of St. Nicholas was probably introduced by Metropolitan Iefrem, to whom a popular manuscript on the miracles of St. Nicholas is attributed. According to chronicles a church in St. Nicholas's honor had already been built in Kyiv during the reign of Prince Ihor.

In Ukrainian folk tradition there are two figures known as St. Nicholas. One, ’warm Nicholas’, was celebrated in the spring, on 22 May , and the other ’old Nicholas’ was commemorated in the winter, on 19 December. The warm Nicholas was considered to be the patron saint of agriculture. He was said to walk the land, examining the sown fields, ’drying places over-damp, and dampening those over-dry’ after the winter. On the festival, householders would lead their horses into the fields for the first night’s grazing, shear sheep, and sow buckwheat. St. Nicholas was called upon to protect livestock from wolves, and his name frequently appeared in shepherds' prayers. He was also a patron of youth, particularly of orphans and poor girls. The latter he was said to assist in preserving their chastity and in seeking a husband.

According to folk tradition the old Nicholas brought the first snow by shaking his beard. He was considered the patron of spinning, and yarns and thread were often brought to church on his festival 'to add to his beard'. In Western Ukraine gifts were given to children on the eve of his feast day.

St. Nicholas often appears in carols and legends. In Ukraine icons with his image were greatly cherished and found in virtually every home. His icon was also placed in an important position in iconostases, usually flanking Jesus, the Mother of God, or the patron saint of the church.

in the text : *Tomas Edisons most famous (1)_____(INVENT) is probably the light-bulb *The phonograph,he said,wouid (2)______(PLACE) shorthand typists andit would be used to teach languages. *He believed that a phonograph and a clock would (3)______(ACTUAL) say that the time was. *Edison also believed that people would listen to (4)______(WORLD,FAME) musicians on phonographs in their own homes. *People have (5) _____(LARGE) forgotten Edisons invention,but it was actually the (6)_____(EARLY) kind of record or cassette player.