how people increase the amount of gases in the atmosphere

Banks make their profits by lending the money which customers deposit with them to others who need it for personal or business reasons. Most people need more money than they have currently available at some time in their lives.

To be a borrower you must be a customer of the bank because the money will be lent to you through a bank account. There are two ways in which you may borrow. The first, and easy, is to spend more money than you have in your current account – to overdraw. The second, and the normal way of borrowing larger amounts or for a long period of time is the loan.

If a manager permits an overdraft on current account he is likely to set a limit to the size of the overdraft and may stipulate a date by which the account is back in credit. Businesses whose payments and receipts are often irregular will frequently need to use overdraft facilities and they are often granted to private customers as well particularly when the manager knows that regular payments are made directly into the account.

If a loan is granted it will be a fixed sum immediately available for a fixed period of time. The principal and the interest on it may all become due for payment at the end of that period but for personal loans it is common to arrange that the loan and interest are repaid in equal regular instalments over the period of the loan. A separate account is opened to record the repayments as they are made.

Sometimes people do not ask for enough money because they are anxious about the burden of the repayments. The manager will be wise enough to try and ensure that you will have sufficient amount of money to do what you want to do. Finally we will consider whether or not you really will be able to repay and what kind of security you can offer against the possibility that you do not repay. In the case of a business the manager may well want to see well prepared, relevant documents such as profit and loss accounts and balance sheets for the most recent years. He would also ask about the expected return from the use of the money and want to see some figures upon which you have based your calculations. For a business good security might be one or more of the assets of the business while personal loans are often secured by such things as life insurance policies on which the bank is making regular payment for you

must (do) her homework every evening. She is (do) her homework now.

May i (ask) you? I am (ask) you now.

Когда мама варила кофе, ее дочь накрывала на стол.

from birds to humans easily, the severity of the infection of H5N1 in humans is frightening. The virus has killed every second person infected by it. These cases were reported in perfectly healthy individuals who had no past history of infections. However the greater concern for the world is the POSSIBILITY THAT THE VIRUS MAY MUTATE (UNDERGO ANTIGENIC SHIFT) AND CREATE A FORM THAT MAY SPREAD FROM HUMAN TO HUMAN. Such a strain of virus may result in a pandemic, killing millions of people worldwide.

Is Consumption Of Poultry Birds Safe?

Yes, it is safe to consume THOROUGHLY COOKED poultry products. The H5N1 virus is sensitive to heat and gets destroyed by normal cooking temperatures of 70- 100 degree Celsius. If meat from poultry birds and eggs are cooked properly, the virus will be destroyed. Just make sure that no part of the meat remains raw or uncooked.

How Big Is The Risk Of A Pandemic Breaking Out?

The world had to face a Bird Flu Pandemic, thrice in the twentieth century. In 1918-1919, "Spanish Flu" killed anywhere between 20 million to 50 million people (exact figures not known), including half a million in the United States alone. The "Asian flu" in 1957-58 killed 70,000 in the United States and in 1968-1969, the "Hong Kong flu" killed 34,000 in the USA.

Currently the risk of H5N1 strain leading to a Pandemic is high. The virus is spreading fast to new areas and the efforts made to curtail it have proved inadequate.

Domestic ducks have now become a "reservoir" for the virus. They are acting like a carrier for the virus - their bodies carry the virus without showing signs of any infection. Infected ducks then release large quantities of the virus in pathogenic form in their excretions spreading the virus to other birds or humans. This has made detection of the virus difficult especially in rural areas.

According to health experts, the virus has already met the first two prerequisites for starting a pandemic. First it has attained a form, for which humans have no inbuilt immunity; and second, it has proved pathogenic enough to cause serious illness and death in humans.

The present risk of a pandemic is very high. The only factor that has prevented a pandemic so far is that the virus has not mutated into a form that would allow it to transmit efficiently from one human to another. Once such a genetic change takes place for the virus, a pandemic will be inevitable. The first signs of such a reassortment will be presence of the clusters of patients with flu symptoms, closely related - both in time and space. This would be a clear indication of virus having the ability to transmit from human-to-human.

Currently no vaccine has been developed for fighting H5N1 strain. Simultaneous work is being done in many countries for developing a vaccine, but no success has been achieved. The exact virus that may cause the pandemic cannot be predetermined. Thus mass production of vaccine before the pandemic starts is ruled out. The worldwide manufacturing capacity is inadequate to match the sudden demand surge during a pandemic. The best that scientists can do is to carry out a study and determine the smallest amount of antigen per dose that will provide sufficient protection and thus maximise the number of vaccines produced.

What Are The Precautions Necessary To Prevent A Pandemic?

The logical first step is to control the disease from spreading among birds, but this seems a difficult task now. Bird Flu has become a bird epidemic in many parts of Asia and is spreading fast.

The Next step is to prevent the disease from getting passed on to humans. People who come in close contact with birds (like poultry farmers) are advised to keep a close watch on the health of birds, notify any sort of sickness in birds to the health authorities and avoid direct contact with sick birds in all cases. (Ducks have become a reservoir for the virus and may not exhibit signs of sickness even if they are carrying the virus.)

In case the flu becomes a pandemic, most countries of the world will be affected. In such a scenario, the best preventive measures would be personal hygiene, avoiding crowded places and staying away from raw meat and eggs.

A flu shot does not prevent bird flu, but it can protect a person from other forms of flu and avoid complications. Persons above 65 years of age, children, health services workers, people with chronic respiratory disorders, travellers to flu affected countries and pregnant women may consult a doctor regarding flu vaccination.

contributions to world science which influencedthe work of the progressive scientists of his time. It is difficult to enumerate his many-sidedscientific activities.Lomonosov was a complete master of natural sciences especially in chemistry and physicsand it was with Lomonosov that geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, physical chemistry, miningand many other branches of science began. He took great interest in history and mathematics andhe is considered to be the founder of Russian materialistic philosophy. Besides all thisLomonosov is known to have been a poet. His literary works remain the most significant, pagesof Russian literature which influenced the development of Russian poetry.Lomonosov is also known to be the author of the first Russian grammar book. In additionto the Russian Lomonosov had a perfect command of many foreign Languages such as Latin,French, German and ancient Greek.Lomonosov was a prominent Russian artist and he is known to have made a greatcontribution to the development of Russian pictorial act.We know Lomonosov's life to be full of difficulties and obstacles which he had toovercome. His father wanted Michail to become a fisher man. But Lomonosov's desire tostudy was so great that at the age of 19 he started to Moscow on foot to enter the Slavonic-GreekLatin Academy. His scientific career lasted 25 years was marked by a striking capasity for work.In these 25 years he carried out a gigantic amount of work in various branches of science,engineering and art. He fought for educating his people and he is sure to have done the best toestablish schools all over the country.By the end of his life Lomonosov had been elected honorary member of a number offoreign academies. Lomonosov died at the age of 54 on April 15, 1765.

public attention to the problem of ecology?
2.What ecological problems that humanity faces nowadays in your opinion arc
most urgent?
3.Why are scientists so much concerned about the greenhouse effect and the process of global warming?

4. Do you think global warming is caused by human activities? Which of them?

5.5Can you say that the climate in the place where you live is changing? How? Do you find these changes for the better or for the worse? Can you give examples of climate changes in other places of the planet?

6. Do you think the humankind can solve the world's ecological problems? If so, in what way?

Wales, it doesn't include Northern Ireland. Geographically, the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions – Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennies, and the Lake District. The People Chain extends southward from the Cheviot Hills into the Midlands. The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, the Avon, the Thames and some others. There are many lakes of Great Britain. The coasts of England are washed by the North Sea the Irish Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast, and the Orkney and Shetland Island off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea in the east. The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the Lowlands. Here on the Clyde, is Glasgow, Scotland’s biggest city. Wales is a highland country of old, hard rocks. North Wales is a country of mountains and deep valleys. South Wales is a land of high hills and wide valleys. The pride of Wales in scenery is Snowdonia a region of high mountains. Snowdon is the highest mountain in England and Wales.