II. Ответьте (письменно) на

1. Consumer spending is seventy percent of the economic activity in the United States. 2. Commercial properties face two serious problems: falling prices and refinancing. 3. After the recession jobs have continued to disappear, though at slower rates

2.Brenda lives in Leeds. Does...?
3.Kevin goes out with friends in the evening.When...?
4,Luc likes tea with lemon.What...?
5.John Prierce goes to his office bu underground. How...?
6.Mary worls at d bookshop. Where...?
7,Mr.Johnson lives in the country. Who...?
8.We have six lessons on Monday.When...?
9.It takes me ten minutes to get to school.How long...?
10.My sister olays chess quite well.How...?

depend on?

3. What employees can be promoted to a job in a higher grade?

4. After what period do most civil service workers have career jobs?

5. Can membership of civil service employees in labor unions be forced by anybody? 6. What Association was formed in 1889?

7. Were the activities of the National Association of Letter Carriers restricted?

8. When did the Congress authorize the establishment of unions for federal employees?

9. Would union be permitted to strike against the government?

The Working Conditions of Government Employees Every working person is concerned about opportunities for promotion, and civil service workers are no exception. They have the opportunity for promotion within each salary grade, their advancement depending upon whether their work is done at an acceptable level of competence. Furthermore, employees who show ability and efficiency can be promoted to a job in a higher grade. After a trial period of one year, most civil service workers have career jobs with a good measure of security. No government employee can be forced to join a labor union; nor can he be prevented from doing so. The choice is up to him. The membership of civil service employees in labor unions was long a matter of dispute. In 1889, however, postal workers took the first step and formed the National Association of Letter Carriers. At first, the activities of thi^ organization were sharply restricted. Then, in 1912, the Congress authorized the establishment of unions for federal employees, with the provision that no union would be permitted to strike against the government.

1. What is the basic idea of international trade?
2. What is the main difference between domestic and international trade?
3. What does government allow its citizen?

предложению.
HOW COMPANIES ADVERTISE
Advertising informs consumers about the existence and benefits of products and services and attempts to persuade them to buy them. The best of advertising is probably word-to-mouth advertising, which occurs when people tell their friends about the benefits of products and services that they have purchased. Yet virtually no providers of goods and services rely on this alone, but use paid advertising instead. Indeed, many organizations also use institutional or prestige advertising, which is designed to build up their reputation rather than to sell particular products.
Although large companies could easily set up their own advertising departments, write their own advertisements, and buy media space themselves, they tend to use the services of large advertising agencies. These are likely to have more resources, and more knowledge about all aspects of advertising and advertising media than a single company.The most talented advertising people generally prefer to work on a variety of advertising accounts (contracts to advertise products and services). It is also easier for a dissatisfied company to give its account to another agency than it would be to fire its own advertising staff.
The client company generally gives the advertising agency an agreed budget; a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign, known as a brief; and an overall advertising strategy concerning the message to be communicated to the target customers. The agency creates advertisements (the word is often abbreviated to adverts or ads), and develops a media plan specifying which media – newspapers, magazines, radio, television, cinema, posters, mail, etc. – will be used and in which proportions. (On the television and radio, ads are often known as commercials). Agencies often produce alternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested in newspapers, television stations, etc. in different parts of a country before a final choice is made prior to a national campaign.
The agency’s media planners have to decide what percentage of the target market they want to reach (how many people will be exposed to the ads) and the number of times they are likely to see them. Advertising people talk about frequency or OTS (opportunities to see) and the threshold effect – the point at which advertising becomes effective. The choice of advertising media is generally strongly influenced by the comparative cost of reaching 1,000 members of the target audience, the cost per thousand (often abbreviated to CMP, using the Roman numeral for 1,000). The timing of advertising campaigns depends on factors such as purchasing frequency and buyer turnover (new buyers entering the market).
1) What is the best form of advertising and why?
2) What are the functions of advertisement?
3) Why do companies tend to use services of advertising agencies?

University elected for life or five years? 5. Who plans the students work? 6. What must a student pay for?